江西省城乡居民营养素养调查分析

目的了解江西省成年居民营养相关素养状况,为开展营养教育提供依据。方法在江西省南昌市选取两个大型企业,随机抽取400名成年人作为城市组调查对象。在江西省南丰县选取两个村庄,随机抽取402名成年人作为农村组调查对象。利用"营养教育效果综合评价问卷"对全部802名调查对象进行营养相关素养状况评价。结果城市居民营养知识、营养态度及问卷总得分高于农村居民。女性在饮食行为、社会环境影响、总得分方面高于男性,反映了女性对营养更为关注。营养素养在不同年龄组间差异未见显著性。随着受教育程度的提高,居民的营养素养状况逐渐提升,营养知识、营养态度、社会环境影响均在大专及以上组得分最高。结论此次调查反映了江西省城乡普通成年居民的营养素养状况,整体而言其处于中等偏下水平;其营养素养的高低受城乡、性别及受教育程度的影响,城市居民、女性及较高的受教育程度对营养素养是积极因素,应该在今后的营养改善及营养教育活动中加以充分考虑。     

Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Improvement with Prebiotics: Histological Evaluation of Longish Glucomannan Hydrolysates-Induced Innate T Lymphocyte Activities in Mice

Use of prebiotics is a growing topic in healthcare. A lightweight molecule and water-soluble fiber ingredient, longish glucomannan hydrolysates (LGH), has been developed to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and confer gut health benefits. This study aims to investigate the implications of continuous LGH intervening in intestinal epithelium integrity and protective immunity against chemical dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Twelve male BALB/c mice were randomly arranged into four groups. The LGH/DSS group had results in bodyweight variance, epithelial cell density, and aberrancy score as good as the LGH group, and both were equivalent to the control group. LGH consumption effectively protects the distal intestinal epithelium by activating innate T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, T-cell subsets in subepithelial interspersion take a bystander role in these microenvironmental alterations. Under this stress, the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)⁺ T cells infiltrate the epithelium, while CD4⁺ T cells inversely appear in submucosal large lymphoid aggregates/isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in which significant CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cell populations agglomerate. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) are observed in these ILFs. Agglomerated CD4⁺ T-cell lineages may have roles with proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells in balancing responses to intraluminal antigens. Collectively, LGH administration may function in immune modulation to protect against DSS-induced inflammation.     

不同镇痛方法用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛的疗效观察

目的将病人自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）和自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）分别用于乳腺癌手术病人术后镇痛．观察镇痛效果．gear良反应情况。方法60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行乳腺癌手术病人,随机分为A组和B组,每组30例。A组在全麻诱导气管插管后及手术结束时各静注氟比洛芬酯50mg,并联合芬太尼开始PCIA,B组术后采用吗啡行PCEA,记录两组病人术后4、8、12、24、48h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及不良反应情况。结果两组病人术后各时点VAS差异无统计学意义：A组病人术后恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留等不良反应的发生率明显低于B组（P〈0．05）。结论氟比洛芬酯术前超前镇痛并联合芬太尼行PCIA可以产生理想的镇痛效果,同时减少阿片类药物不良反应。     

国产冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性研究

1998年 9月～ 1999年 12月在上海市卢湾区和扬州市广陵区 ,对我国用Oka株和日本工艺生产的冻干水痘减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性进行了系统观察 ,并以日本生产的VZ 0 5疫苗和安慰剂作对照。用 5批国产疫苗接种 46 8人 ,发生低热反应 10 2人 (2 1 79% ) ,中热反应 5 0人 (10 6 8% ) ,强热反应 3人 (0 6 4% ) ;日本VZ -0 5疫苗接种 5 9人 ,发生低热反应 6人 (10 17% ) ,无中、强反应。用 5批国产疫苗接种免疫前抗体阴性者 2 5 1人 ,抗体阳转 2 31人 ,平均阳转率为 92 0 3 % (84 0 0 %～ 98 0 0 % ) ,抗体几何平均滴度 (GMT)为 1:5 5 8 46～ 1:112 9 47;而日本VZ 0 5疫苗的阳转率为 89 80 % ,GMT为 1:112 6 10。用 5批国产疫苗 (1剂 )接种免疫前抗体阳性者 ,接种后抗体滴度明显上升 ,GMT比免疫前提高 3 34倍。此结果表明 ,国产疫苗反应轻微 ,安全性好 ,免疫原性亦好。水痘疫苗病毒对密切接触者无传播性     

制备前后时间对艾滋病患者CD4＋、CD8＋计数的影响

目的：了解血样制备前后放置时间对艾滋病患者外周血CD4^＋、CD8^＋、细胞计数的影响.方法：用艾滋病患者外周血分别在室温放置6、24、48及72 h后进行样品制备,流式细胞仪检测CD4^＋、CD8^＋细胞绝对计数;以及样品制备后分别在2、24、48、72及168 h上机检测;结果用SPSS软件进行统计学分析.结果：血液在室温放置72 h之内制备,CD4^＋细胞计数变化差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,CD8^＋细胞计数72 h与6 h比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;血样制备后室温放置1周内CD4^＋、CD8^＋细胞计数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：血液制备前在室温放置72 h后CD8^＋细胞计数有明显变化;血样立即制备后室温放置1周CD4^＋、CD8^＋细胞计数是相对稳定的.     

Veganism does not reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Taiwanese cohort

The purpose of the present study was to assess the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MS) with vegan, pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets in Taiwan. The design was a retrospective cohort study using secondary data analysis from a Taiwan longitudinal health check-up database provided by MJ Health Screening Center during 1996-2006. A total of 93209 participants were classified as vegans (n=1116), pescovegetarians (n=2461), lactovegetarians (n=4313) and nonvegetarians (n=85319) by food frequency list of self-administered questionnaire at baseline. The association between MS or MS components and different dietary groups was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazards regression models with adjustment for confounders. During the mean 3.75 years of follow up, a total 8006 MS incident cases occurred and the incidence of MS was 229 (95% CI, 224, 234) per 10000 person year. Compared with vegans, hazard ratios of MS for nonvegetarians, pescovegetarians, lactovegetarians were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64, 0.88), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.55, 0.83) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67, 0.97) after adjusting for sex, age, education status, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity at work and leisure, respectively. As for MS components, nonvegetarians and pescovegetarians had 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62, 0.84), 0.70 (95% CI, 0.57, 0.84) times risk of developing low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while nonvegetarians had 1.16 (95% CI, 1.02, 1.32) times risk of developing high fasting plasma glucose. Our data suggest that the vegan diets did not decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome compared with pescovegetarian, lactovegetarian and nonvegetarian diets in a Taiwanese cohort.     

西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养状况与医疗费用关系的研究

目的分析西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养状况与医疗费用的关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2009年在西部6省12县贫困农村共调查8141名5岁以下儿童。按WHO推荐标准将调查儿童分为营养不良与营养良好两组,用SAS 9.1软件进行分析比较。结果西部贫困农村5岁以下儿童营养不良率为18.9%;男孩营养不良率(19.9%)显著高于女孩(17.7%,P<0.05);营养不良组近两周内腹泻患病率(9.0%)以及上呼吸道感染患病率(27.9%)显著高于营养良好组(6.9%,25.4%,P<0.05);营养不良组的医疗费用(785.1元)显著高于营养良好组的医疗费用(696.6元,P<0.05);营养不良儿童的门诊就诊率(27.5%)显著高于营养良好儿童的门诊就诊率(25.0%,P<0.05)。结论西部贫困农村儿童营养不良问题仍有待改善,营养状况对儿童的患病率及医疗费用有影响。     

10665名儿童先天性心脏病发病状况监测结果和环境危险因素分析

目的:了解北京市儿童先天性心脏病(简称先心病)的发病情况、分布规律及探索可能的发病因素。方法:利用望诊、心脏听诊与超声检查结合的方法,对北京市122个社区点的儿童进行监测,并对已确诊病例采用病例对照研究方法进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:北京市儿童先天性心脏病发病率为5.91‰,城区发病率明显高于远县(P<0.01)。先心病发生可能的危险因素依次为:儿童母亲妊娠早期居住在装修1年内的居室;妊娠早期居室距马路距离<50 m;父亲饮酒。结论:①先心病是影响北京市儿童生存和健康的主要公共卫生问题。②为了预防先心病的发生,应加强孕期健康教育,减少妊娠期妇女环境污染因素的暴露;同时加强孕期保健,提高产前诊断水平。减少出生缺陷,提高人口素质。     

HLA-DR抗原与HBV宫内感染关系研究

目的 了解人类白细胞抗原-DR(HLA-DR)抗原与HBV宫内感染的关系，探索HBV宫内感染的遗传易感性。方法以1997年2月～1998年8月在太原市传染病医院分娩的HBsAg阳性孕妇新生儿为研究对象．随机选择发生及未发生HBV宫内感染的新生儿各20例，采用序列特异引物PCR(PCR-sequencelspecificprimer，PCR-SSP)技术扩增HLA-DR基因区18对等位基因。判定HLA-DR抗原的型别。计算HLA-DR抗原各型别出现频率并分析其在2组间的差别。结果 DR3、DR51在宫内感染组的频率较高，分别为45％，40％，在非宫内感染组分别为20％。15％，OR值分别为3．27(0．67～17．08)、3．78(0．69～23．02)．P分别为0．18，0．16。DR53在非宫内感染组的频率较高．为60％，在宫内感染组为35％，OR值为0．36(0、08～1．54)P为0．20，均未达显性差异。结论 DR3、DR51有可能是HBV宫内感染的易感型．DR53有可能具有保护作用．但需要扩大样本量进一步研究。     

Gastric Cancer Risk Was Associated with Dietary Factors Irritating the Stomach Wall: A Case–Control Study in Korea

The incidence of gastric cancer is high in Korea, and dietary factors are important risk factors for gastric cancer. This study examined whether gastric cancer risk was related to dietary factors that directly irritate the stomach wall. This case–control study consisted of 308 matched pairs of gastric cancer cases and controls recruited from 2002 to 2006 at two hospitals in Korea. Dietary assessments were completed using a food frequency questionnaire and a dietary habit questionnaire. Gastric cancer risk was increased for high meal frequency of >3 vs. low meal frequency of ≤3 times per day, overeating vs. not overeating, and preferred vs. not preferred spicy or salty foods. Furthermore, participants with dietary factors of high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods elevated the risk of gastric cancer compared to those with low meal frequency, not overeating, and not preferring spicy or salty foods, simultaneously. In conclusion, gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in people with dietary factors that irritate the stomach wall, such as high meal frequency, overeating, and preference for spicy or salty foods.