Liver sarcoidosis that presented with dysphagia

We report a case of liver sarcoidosis with dysphagia. Although akinesia of the soft palate, disappearance of the palatal reflex, and pyramidal signs indicated brainstem lesions, brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no lesion and the focus was obscure. Iritis, parotiditis, and hilar lymphadenopathy supported the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. However, lung biopsy was normal. Finally, sarcoidosis was diagnosed by liver biopsy. We speculated that microgranulomas in the brainstem that did not exhibit imaging abnormalities causing the neurological symptoms and that liver biopsy can be an effective diagnostic tool even for cases that presented with neurological signs, but no gastrointestinal symptom.     

Chronological changes of characteristics of early gastric cancer and therapy: Experience in the Cancer Institute Hospital of Tokyo, 1950–1994

Gastric cancer, the leading cause of death from cancer in Japan, has long been studied. We received our first patient with early gastric cancer in 1950 and have since treated 2382 patients with this cancer up to 1990. The percentage of early gastric cancers diagnosed has been on the increase following the improvement in diagnostic skills and the establishment of mass screening. At present, more than half of the gastric cancers presenting are in the early stages. Chronological changes in diagnoses of early gastric cancer are characterized by the increased findings of (a) small tumors less than 4 cm in diameter (b) depressed-type carcinoma (c) lesions of the upper part of the stomach, and (d) undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma. The standard method of treatment for early gastric cancer was standard radical operation in the 1970s. In the 1980s endoscopic mucosal resection and limited operation were adopted and their use has been increasing annually. The prognosis for early gastric cancer is quite favorable (the 5-year survival rate is more than 90%), and it is regarded as a disease with good prognosis. To obtain still better therapeutic results, it is essential to increase the proportion of early gastric cancers where endoscopic mucosal resection or limited operation is indicated, and improve the techniques of those procedures.     

Ursolic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer cells

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth common cause of cancer mortality in Taiwan with high incidence and recurrence and needs new therapeutic strategies. In this study, ursolic acid (UA), a triterpenoid, was examined the antitumor potency in OSCC cells. Our results showed that UA inhibited the proliferation of OSCC cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in both Ca922 and SCC2095 oral cancer cells. UA induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis accompanied with the modulation of various biological biomarkers including downregulating Akt/mTOR/NF‐κB signaling, ERK, and p38. In addition, UA inhibited angiogenesis as evidenced by abrogation of migration/invasion and blocking MMP‐2 secretion in Ca922 cells. Interestingly, UA induced autophagy in OSCC cells, as manifested by LC3B‐II conversion and increased p62 expression and accumulation of autophagosomes. Inhibition by autophagy inhibitor enhanced UA‐mediated apoptosis in Ca922 cells. The experiment provides a rationale for using triterpenoid in the treatment of OSCC.     

辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘的临床疗效

为探讨辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗慢性功能性便秘（CFC）的临床疗效,将160例CFC患者随机分为4组,即单纯辨证用药保留灌肠组（A组）、单纯大肠水疗组（B组）、辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗组（C组）、辨证用药口服组（D组）,各40例,均治疗2周,对比观察4组患者疗效。结果显示,c组总有效率明显高于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后便秘症状积分明显低于其他3组,P〈0．05;C组治疗后不透x线标志物残留数明显少于其他3组,P〈0．05。结果表明,辨证用药保留灌肠联合大肠水疗治疗CFC疗效满意,值得临床推广应用。     

Effects of health education on HIV/AIDS related knowledge among first year university students in China

BackgroundThe number of new HIV infections has increased and implementation of school-based health education programs on AIDS have been advocated for a long time.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effectiveness of an intervention of HIV/AIDS on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and control among first year university students.MethodsAn awareness questionnaire was adopted to assess awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS pre- and post-health education among first year university students in Qinghai, China. Independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsA total of 2,165 and 2,062 first year university students were respectively recruited pre- and post- HIV/AIDS health education. The awareness rate increased significantly after the health education intervention (from 48.59%, 95%CI: 46.47%–50.72% to 76.24%, 95%CI: 74.35%–78.06%). Students from Hui and Tibetan ethnicities, and those holding prejudices against AIDS patients were less knowledgeable than their counterparts regarding HIV/AIDS related knowledge, whereas urban-dwellers and those with higher paternal education were positively associated with awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge (p <0.05).ConclusionHIV/AIDS awareness among first year university students improved greatly after receiving an education intervention, which underscores its utility as part of the approaches of HIV/AIDS control and prevention.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者肺通气功能改变及其临床意义

目的:通过研究2型糖尿病患者肺通气功能的改变探讨其临床意义。方法:采用德国耶格(JAEGER)公司生产的M aster ScreenPET肺功能仪,分别测定50例2型糖尿病患者及50例健康人的肺通气功能并进行对比分析。结果:糖尿病患者的FVC、VC、MMEF、FEV1、FEF25、FEFSO、FEF75、PEF与健康人比较差异有显著性(P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论:2型糖尿病患者存在不同程度的阻塞性通气功能障碍。     

位置偏离对腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的影响

目的 探讨位置的偏离对腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的影响;方法 用美国LUNAR公司生产的DPX-MD对体模分别于正中位、左偏1cm位、右偏1cm位、左偏1mm位、左偏2mm位连续扫描各25次;及对16位正常人群腰椎分别于正中位、左偏位、右偏位进行扫描;结果 体模正中位时的骨密度最接近正常值,位置偏离时结果下降;人体正中位时腰椎骨密度值最高,偏离时结果下降;结论 位置偏离可以导致腰椎体模及人体腰椎骨密度的下降.     

运动对青年大学生骨密度的影响

目的 探讨运动对青年大学生骨密度的影响;方法采用美国GE公司LUNAR-DPX-MD对海口地区青年大学生20～24岁115名(男,59例;女,56例)进行腰椎和髋部骨密度测量,并依据是否爱好从事业余体育运动予分组;结果男性运动组骨密度比非运动组骨密度明显增高,呈显著性差异,女性运动组骨密度比非运动组骨密度也有增高且有差异;结论体育运动对青年大学生的骨密度增高具有极为重要的作用.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体—1基因多态性与原发性高血压

目的 探讨血管紧张素转换酶(angiotensin converting enzyme，ACE)基因多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体—1(ATlR)基因多态性与原发性高血压(Essential Hypertension，EH)的关系，以及这两种基因多态性对于EH的发病是否有协同作用。方法 对740名开滦集团公司职工进行10年的纵向研究，应用聚合酶链反应和限制性酶切方法检测ACE基因第16位内含子插入/缺失(I/D)多态性分布及ATlR基因All66C多态性分布。结果 10年前或10年后EH组的ACE各基因型及等位基因频率与同期正常血压组比较无显著差异。10年前或10年后EH组的AT1R各基因型及等位基因频率与同期正常血压组比较无显著差异。10年前或10年后EH组中同时具有DD基因型和AC基因型的频率分布与同期正常血压组比较均无显著差异。10年前或10年后的男性EH亚组中，同时具有DD基因型和AC基因型的频率分布与同期正常血压组比较有统计学差异。结论 血管紧张素转换酶基因的I/D多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ受体—1基因All66C多态性与原发性高血压无关，DD基因型和AC基因型联合作用时对男性原发性高血压的发生可能有协同作用。