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111.
Longer-term diabetic patients have a more frequent incidence of nosocomial infections after elective gastrectomy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yamashita S Yamaguchi H Sakaguchi M Satsumae T Yamamoto S Shinya F 《Anesthesia and analgesia》2000,91(5):1176-1181
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for the development of postoperative nosocomial infections in surgical patients. We conducted this retrospective study to elucidate the perioperative risk factors for postoperative nosocomial infections in diabetic patients undergoing elective gastrectomy. Chart review was performed on diabetic and nondiabetic patients undergoing elective gastrectomy for gastric malignancy from January 1992 through April 1999. Fourteen of the 83 diabetic patients, and 23 of the 284 nondiabetic patients developed postoperative nosocomial infections. Statistical comparisons of multiple variables were made between patients with and without postoperative nosocomial infections. In diabetic patients, univariate analysis showed that longer-term DM (especially longer than 10 yr) was associated with a significantly increased risk for postoperative nosocomial infections. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DM lasting longer than 10 yr was an independent risk factor for postoperative nosocomial infections (odds ratio, 6.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 27.1). In nondiabetic patients, similar analysis showed that age was an independent risk factor for postoperative nosocomial infections. We conclude that patients with longer-term DM had a significantly greater incidence of postoperative nosocomial infections after elective gastrectomy. Implications: Postoperative nosocomial infection is one of the major problems in diabetic patients. This study demonstrated that postoperative nosocomial infections were more common in patients undergoing elective gastrectomy if they had diabetes mellitus longer than 10 yr. 相似文献
112.
Ikeda S Sera Y Yoshida M Ohshiro H Uchino S Oka Y Lee KJ Kotera A 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2000,35(3):450-453
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine if there is latent manganese toxicity in patients with biliary atresia. METHODS: Fifteen children with biliary atresia were examined postoperatively with regard to whole-blood manganese levels using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and I-123 iodoamphetamine (IMP) per rectal portal scintigraphy. RESULTS: Nine (60%) of the 15 had high whole-blood manganese levels (mean, 4.1 microg/dL; range, 1.2 to 9.6; normal, 0.5 to 2.5), and these 9 had hyperintense globus pallidus on T1-weighted images, with no corresponding signal change in T2 sequences. I-123 IMP per rectal portal scintigraphy was done for 13 patients to evaluate portosystemic shunt flow. 12 (92%) of these patients had an increased flow. Mean shunt ratio was estimated to be 41% (range, 0.6 to 98; normal, <5%). Encephalopathy was evident in only 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: Some patients with biliary atresia in the postoperative period have manganese deposits in globus pallidus on T1-weighted images and high whole-blood manganese levels, possibly caused by increased portsystemic shunt, and a latent or subclinical encephalopathy is also present. 相似文献
113.
Sung Yeon Kim Y R Santosh Laxmi Naomi Suzuki Kenichiro Ogura Tadashi Watabe Michael W Duffel Shinya Shibutani 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2005,33(11):1673-1678
Tamoxifen (TAM) is used as the standard endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients and as a chemopreventive agent for women at high risk for this disease. Unfortunately, treatment of TAM increases the incidence of endometrial cancer; this may be due to the genotoxic damage induced by TAM metabolites. Formation of TAM-DNA adducts in rat liver correlates with the development of hepatocarcinoma. TAM-DNA adducts are proposed to be formed through O-sulfonation and/or O-acetylation of alpha-hydroxylated TAM and its metabolites. However, the role of O-sulfonation and O-acetylation in the formation of TAM-DNA adducts has not been extensively investigated. Rat or human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases (HST), acetyltransferases, and liver cytosol were incubated with calf thymus DNA, alpha-OHTAM, and either 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) or acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a cofactor and analyzed for TAM-DNA adduct formation, using 32P postlableling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. TAM-DNA adduct was formed when PAPS, not acetyl-CoA, was used. No TAM-DNA adducts were produced using human N-acetyltransferase I and II. HST antibody inhibited approximately 90% of TAM-DNA adduct formation generated by the cytosol or HST, suggesting that HST is primarily involved in the formation of TAM-DNA adducts. The formation of TAM-DNA adducts with rat liver cytosol and HST was much higher than that of human liver cytosol and HST. Our results indicate that TAM-DNA adducts are formed via O-sulfonation, not O-acetylation, of alpha-hydroxylated TAM and its metabolites. 相似文献
114.
Hiroya Takeuchi Ken Futamata Arafumi Maeshima Shigemichi Hirose Atsushi Shimada Yoshiki Kawaguchi Jo Tokuyama Koji Osumi Shinya Kishi Takashi Hojo Shiei Kim Norihito Wada Takashi Oishi Yoh Isobe Shunji Ikeuchi Kiyoshi Kubochi Sumio Matsumoto 《Journal of gastrointestinal cancer》2005,36(2):99-104
We report a very rare case of primary gastric small cell carcinoma (GSCC) that was accompanied with gastric tubular adenocarcinoma. A male in his 60s had an elevated tumor with a central ulceration in the middle stomach. The patient underwent a distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. The pathological examination showed two separated lesions of the stomach, which contained the components of primary GSCC and primary gastric tubular adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination demonstrated that the tumor cells in the small cell carcinoma stained positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). GSCC cells and adenocarcinoma cells independently metastasized to each regional lymph node. Further studies on the biological behavior of individual tumors may allow the development of new treatment strategies for GSCC. 相似文献
115.
116.
Pina Bozzo Gideon Koren Shinya Ito 《Canadian family physician Médecin de famille canadien》2012,58(9):952-953
Question I often prescribe domperidone to women as a galactagogue starting at a dose of 30 mg and increasing the dose as needed. In March of this year, Health Canada released an advisory warning of domperidone use and abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death. Should I cap doses at 30 mg or stop prescribing domperidone all together to these women?Answer The Health Canada warning is based on 2 studies. The results of the studies are not directly applicable to breastfeeding and should not change the way you normally manage otherwise healthy breastfeeding women. 相似文献
117.
Takuya HASEGAWA Chiyoe MURATA Takashi NINOMIYA Tomoko TAKABAYASHI Tatsuya NODA Shinya HAYASAKA Mieko NAKAMURA Toshiyuki OJIMA 《Industrial health》2013,51(5):490-500
Problem drinking is a serious public health problem in the workplace. However, few
Japanese epidemiological studies have investigated the occupational characteristics of
problem drinking. The purpose of this study is to clarify the occupational risk factors
for problem drinking among a Japanese working population. We used data from a
random-sampling survey about mental health and suicide, conducted among Hamamatsu City
residents aged 15 to 79 yr old during May and June in 2008. The relation between
occupational factors and problem drinking was analyzed with multiple logistic regression
models stratified by gender. CAGE questionnaire was used to assess problem drinking. With
regard to employment types, problem drinkers were more prevalent among self-employed
women. With regard to occupational types, clerical and service professions had more
problem drinkers of either sex, while administrative/managerial and sales professions had
more women with such problem. With regard to company size, male problem drinkers were more
prevalent in smaller companies than in larger ones. These results indicate that the
prevalence of problem drinkers in the workplace depends on where one works. It is
necessary to consider these characteristics to provide effective measures to address
problem drinking in the workplace. 相似文献
118.
Kazuaki Kuwabara Shinya Matsuda Kiyohide Fushimi Koichi B. Ishikawa Hiromasa Horiguchi Kenji Fujimori 《Health Policy and Technology》2013,2(2):94-109
ObjectivesLaparoscopic abdominal surgery (LS) has been prevailing over open surgery (OS). However, its functional outcomes in the aging generation have not been sufficiently examined. We compared changes in physical status and earlier resumption of oral intake between LS and OS.MethodsUsing the Japanese administrative database, we matched variables affecting LS and compared them between LS and OS patients. During the 6-month period from July to December of 2006–2010, we examined the data from data from surviving patients of ≥15 year old who underwent isolated gastrectomy, colectomy, or anterior resection. Functional status was estimated by the Barthel index (BI) at admission and discharge. Outcomes were postoperative complications, BI deterioration, change in BI, and day of recommencing postoperative oral intake.ResultsWe identified 30,763 gastrectomies (laparoscopic: 7297), 31,958 colectomies (laparoscopic: 9364), and 12,545 anterior resections (laparoscopic: 4351). Variation in LS indications was observed in patient and hospital mixes. Among the paired-matched gastrectomy, colectomy, and anterior resection groups, LS was associated with fewer complications and earlier recovery of postoperative oral intake. Laparoscopic anterior resection (LAR) and colectomy were associated with less frequent BI deterioration. Longer operative time was associated with more complications, which then influenced BI deterioration in patients who underwent anterior resection.ConclusionsShorter operative time for LAR was associated with less functional deterioration than for laparoscopic gastrectomy and colectomy. Physicians should consider the appropriate indications for LS by concurrently avoiding unnecessary longer operations and their associated complications. More investment in teaching the skills necessary for LAR is recommended. 相似文献
119.
120.
Keisuke Nagai Keigo Osuga Eiji Kashiwagi Shinya Kosai Hidenari Hongyo Kaishu Tanaka Yusuke Ono Hiroki Higashihara Noriyuki Tomiyama 《Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR》2021,32(7):1002-1008
PurposeTo investigate and compare venous sac and feeding artery embolization (VFE) with feeding artery embolization (FAE) alone for treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs), based on difference in outcomes in decrease of the size of the draining vein.Materials and MethodsTwenty-six patients (7 male and 19 female; median age [interquartile range], 58 years [46–65 years]) with 42 simple PAVMs treated with coil embolization between August 2005 and December 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty PAVMs were treated with FAE early in the study period and compared with 22 PAVMs treated with VFE later in the study period. Follow-up computed tomography images obtained 8–20 months after embolotherapy were used for outcome analysis. Data related to patient demographics; follow-up period; baseline diameters of the feeding artery, venous sac, and draining vein; draining vein diameter after treatment; and decrease in the size of the draining vein, including the number reaching a threshold of 70% decrease, were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe draining vein decreased in size by a median of 46.4% in the FAE group and 66.3% in the VFE group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .009). There were no significant differences in the other parameters.ConclusionsVFE leads to a greater decrease in the size of the draining vein than FAE, suggesting that VFE results in more complete occlusion than FAE for treatment of PAVMs. 相似文献