Precancerous mucosal changes in the gallbladder of patients with occult pancreatobiliary reflux

BACKGROUND: Pancreatobiliary reflux can occur even if the pancreaticobiliary junction is normal (occult pancreatobiliary reflux), and it may be associated with gallbladder carcinoma. The aim of the present study was to examine precancerous mucosal changes in the gallbladder from patients with occult pancreatobiliary reflux. METHODS: The mucosa of the gallbladder from 13 patients who underwent cholecystectomy was examined histopathologically. These patients had an anatomically normal pancreatobiliary junction and a biliary amylase concentration greater than 10,000 IU/L. The gallbladder of patients without carcinoma was further examined by using immunohistochemical techniques to detect Ki-67, and the results were compared with those from control patients. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients, 5 (38%) had gallbladder carcinoma and 8 (62%) did not. Of the 8 patients without carcinoma, 4 (50%) had dysplasia accompanied by hyperplasia, and 2 (25%) had hyperplasia alone of the gallbladder mucosa. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in hyperplastic and dysplastic mucosa than in control gallbladder mucosa (p < 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Occult pancreatobiliary reflux could be associated with precancerous mucosal changes in the gallbladder, such as hyperplasia and dysplasia with increased cellular proliferation, and could be a possible risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma.     

机械通气的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者气道分泌物的细菌学特点

正慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是我国慢性疾病重要组成部分之一,目前我国COPD患者约1亿人[1]。COPD急性加重期是导致COPD患者住院治疗、死亡的主要原因,感染是引起COPD急性加重的最常见原因,随病情逐渐进展,伴有呼吸衰竭发生,而机械通气是救治AECOPD合并呼吸衰竭的有效治疗措施,但是随之而来的是巨大的经济负担。另外气管插管的患者气道自然防御机制破坏,细菌更易进入下呼吸道并加重感染,气管插管是发生呼吸相关肺炎的危险因素之一[2-3]。因此对AECOPD患者行有创机械通气治疗细菌学及耐药性分析对于AECOPD感染的早期治疗极为重要。     

血液提取物在前牙软组织美学方面的应用

如何恢复前牙美学区退缩或缺损的软组织,是目前口腔医学的研究热点。血液提取物因制备技术简单、使用安全且含有高浓度生长因子,近年来被广泛应用于软硬组织增量技术。根据制备方法的不同,血液提取物可分为三代：第一代富血小板血浆、第二代富血小板纤维蛋白和第三代改良富血小板纤维蛋白、浓缩生长因子和注射型富血小板纤维蛋白。本文将介绍各种血液提取物的历史和制备方法,并对其在前牙软组织美学方面的研究及应用进展做一综述。     

Acute and subacute oral toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in female albino Wistar rats

The extensive use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NPs) in various industries and their wide range of applications have led to their accumulation in different ecological niches of the environment. This excess exposure raises the concern about its potential toxic effects on various organisms including humans. However, the hazardous potential of CuO‐NPs in the literature is elusive, and it is essential to study its toxicity in different biological models. Hence, we have conducted single acute dose (2000 mg/kg) and multiple dose subacute (30, 300 and 1000 mg/kg daily for 28 days) oral toxicity studies of CuO‐NPs in female albino Wistar rats following OECD guidelines 420 and 407 respectively. Blood analysis, tissue aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione assays, and histopathology of the tissues were carried out. The higher dose treatments of the acute and subacute study caused significant alterations in biochemical and antioxidant parameters of the liver, kidney and brain tissues of the rat. In addition, histopathological evaluation of these three organs of treated rats showed significantly high abnormalities in their histoarchitecture when compared to control rats. We infer from the results that the toxicity observed in the liver, kidney and brain of treated rats could be due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species by CuO‐NPs.     

不同临床病理特征涎腺黏液表皮样癌中CEACAM 5与PCNA的表达及对预后的影响

［摘要］ 目的 研究癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子5（carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 5,CEACAM 5）及增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）在涎腺黏液表皮样癌(mucoepidermoid carcinoma,MEC)中的表达情况,并研究其表达与肿瘤患者临床预后的关系。 方法 应用免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素-过氧化物酶连接（streptavidin-perosidase,SP）法检测55例不同临床病理特征的涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5、PCNA的表达情况,30例涎腺多形性腺瘤（salivary pleomorphic adenoma,SPA）及30例癌旁正常涎腺组织作为对照;分析CEACAM 5、PCNA表达的相关性及其与临床预后的关系。 结果 MEC组CEACAM 5、PCNA表达阳性率明显高于SPA组和对照组（P＜0.01）。病理分级Ⅲ级涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5、PCNA表达阳性率均明显高于病理分级Ⅰ+Ⅱ级,TNM 分期Ⅲ+Ⅳ期涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5、PCNA表达阳性率均明显高于TNM 分期Ⅰ+Ⅱ期,有淋巴结转移涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5、PCNA表达阳性率均明显高于无淋巴结转移者( P＜0.01);不同性别、年龄、部位涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5、PCNA表达阳性率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5和PCNA的表达呈正相关（P＜0.05）。涎腺MEC组织中CEACAM 5与PCNA表达阴性者的生存时间均明显长于表达阳性者（P＜0.05）。 结论 CEACAM 5和PCNA在涎腺MEC组织中异常高表达,能够协同调控肿瘤的增殖,影响肿瘤的生物学活性,最终影响肿瘤患者的预后。     

亚低温抑制重型颅脑创伤诱导Tau蛋白过度磷酸化的实验研究

目的 观察亚低温对重型颅脑创伤诱导的Tau蛋白磷酸化的影响.方法 体外研究通过细胞液压冲击仪建立SK-N-SH细胞损伤模型,观察冲击1h、6h和12h后Tau蛋白的磷酸化水平.体内研究通过小动物液压冲击仪建立大鼠重型颅脑损伤模型(2.4 atm),接受或不接受亚低温治疗(33℃,4h).观察液压冲击6h、24 h和72 h后Tau蛋白的磷酸化水平,以及亚低温对此变化的影响.结果 SK-N-SH细胞在液压冲击后,Tau蛋白在Thr231和Ser396位点的磷酸化水平从1h开始升高,到6h左右达到高峰.SD大鼠在液压冲击后,Tau蛋白在Thr231和Ser396位点的磷酸化水平从6h开始升高,到24h左右达到高峰,到72 h仍处于高水平;免疫组化的结果也显示,大鼠脑部海马CA1区和皮质区的Tau蛋白磷酸化水平在Thr231位点也明显增高.亚低温可显著逆转液压冲击诱导的SD大鼠Tau蛋白过度磷酸化(P＜0.01).结论 亚低温可抑制重型颅脑创伤诱导的Tau蛋白过度磷酸化.     

Genetic analysis of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy caused by novel biallelic SZT2 gene mutations in three Chinese Han infants: a case series and literature review

Neurological Sciences - Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) exhibits phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Biallelic variants of the SZT2 gene can lead to DEE18, of which few cases...