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41.
Background. Lumbar puncture (LP) may be unsuccessful clinically, prompting image-guided LP by radiologists. Objective. To investigate the utility of ultrasound (US) in diagnosing the cause of failed LP and in guiding LP. Materials and methods. Neonates and infants referred for image-guided LP underwent spine US of the thecal sac. When indicated, image-guided LP was
performed. Results. Forty-seven evaluations and interventions were performed in 32 patients. All patients were initially evaluated after failed
blind LP attempts. Twenty-three of the initial US studies showed intrathecal and/or epidural echogenic hematoma, which obliterated
the CSF space; 5 showed minimal fluid, and 4 had normal examinations. LP was deferred or cancelled in 14 cases based upon
initial US findings. Image-guided LP was performed 32 times in 19 patients. US guidance was used in 26, fluoroscopy in 3,
and fluoroscopy with US assistance in 3. Using US, LP was performed in 9 patients with no visible CSF: 2 samples were sufficient
for culture only. Six patients had minimal CSF US: 4 provided usable CSF samples. Clear CSF space was seen in 11: all had
successful LP. Conclusions. US can disclose the cause of failed LP, can help determine whether or not to intervene further, and can provide guidance
for LP.
Received: 13 July 2000 Accepted: 17 January 2001 相似文献
42.
Background
Despite the well-recognised Indigenous-non-Indigenous health disparity, some reports suggest improvements in Indigenous mortality. Our aim was to quantify Indigenous mortality in Outer Regional (OR), Remote (R), and Very Remote (VR) areas in New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and the Northern Territory and changes in mortality from 1998 to 2005. 相似文献43.
44.
Spiritual care is an integral part of palliative care and if asked, most members of a palliative care team would state they address spiritual issues. The majority of hospices have support from a chaplain. This study was to determine the roles of chaplains within hospices and to look at their levels of stress. A questionnaire containing both open and closed questions was sent to chaplains working within hospices in the UK. The questionnaire enquired about number of sessions, specific roles of chaplain, whether they were members of the multidisciplinary team and their sources of internal support. Stress was measured on a 10-point Likert scale and the GHQ12. One hundred and fifteen questionnaires were returned, with a 72% response rate. The majority (62%) defined their denomination as Church of England and Free Church (24%); 71% of respondents had parish commitments in addition to their hospice role. Roles were predominantly defined as spiritual care of patients and staff (95%) and bereavement support of relatives (76%) and 75% regularly attended the multidisciplinary meetings. Senior medical and nursing staff and other chaplains were perceived as providing most support. Median Likert score for stressfulness was 5, and 23% scored at or above the threshold on the GHQ12 for identifiable psychological morbidity. Clear role definition was associated with less perceived stress whereas the provision of bereavement support was associated with statistically significant increased perceived stress. The role of a chaplain within a hospice is varied and this study suggests that the provision of training and formal support is to be recommended. 相似文献
45.
46.
R.P. Stevenson O. Shapter E. Aitken K. Stevenson P.G. Shiels D.B. Kingsmore 《Transplantation proceedings》2018,50(10):3160-3164
Objectives
There has been considerable change in the practice of deceased kidney transplantation in the past 15 years, with more extreme phenotypes implanted. The aim of this study was to determine whether increased use of expanded criteria donors (extended criteria donors and donors after circulatory death) affected clinical outcomes, including the incidence and pattern of delayed graft function.Methods and materials
A retrospective analysis of 1359 renal transplants was performed over 15 years. The first 10 years of data (group 1) were compared with the subsequent 5 years (group 2). Outcomes were analyzed at 6 months and 12 months in addition to serum creatinine and patterns of delayed graft function (posttransplant times: on hemodialysis, to peak creatinine, for creatinine to half, and for creatinine to fall within 10% of baseline).Results
There was a significant increase in the percentage of expanded criteria donor allografts used in group 2 with a significant increase in the incidence of delayed graft function. Despite this, serum creatinine and the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection had both improved in group 2. Group 2 expanded criteria donor kidneys had a significantly lower incidence of type 1 delayed graft function and a significantly higher incidence of types 3 and 4 delayed graft function. Time for creatinine to half in both groups was the best predictor of a serum creatinine <180 μmol/L at 1 year.Conclusion
The increased use of expanded criteria donor kidneys has led to a higher incidence of delayed graft function, but the pattern has shown that the requirement for hemodialysis has significantly reduced. 相似文献47.
Direct identification of Yersinia enterocolitica in blood by polymerase chain reaction amplification 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Primers based on the nucleotide sequence of the virF gene in the pYV plasmid and the chromosomal ail gene were used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications to directly identify Yersinia enterocolitica in blood. Approximately 500 bacteria seeded into 100 microL of blood can be extracted and amplified by PCR to yield positive results. PCR analyses of seven Y. enterocolitica isolates previously implicated in blood contaminations showed that only one isolate harbored the plasmid-borne virF gene; however, all seven isolates were identified effectively by the PCR product amplified from the chromosomal gene. The PCR assay has the potential for use in the identification of Y. enterocolitica contamination in stored units of blood or in the rapid diagnosis of transfusion-related bacteremia caused by Y. 相似文献
48.
Jeffery N Epstein William B Brinkman Tanya Froehlich Joshua M Langberg Megan E Narad Tanya N Antonini Keri Shiels John O Simon Mekibib Altaye 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2011,36(5):1060-1072
This study examined the effects of methylphenidate (MPH) on reaction time (RT) variability in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a broad battery of computerized tasks, and both conventional and ex-Gaussian indicators of RT variability, in addition to within-task manipulations of incentive and event rate (ER), this study comprehensively examined the breadth, specificity, and possible moderators of effects of MPH on RT variability. A total of 93 children with ADHD completed a 4-week within-subject, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of MPH to identify an optimal dosage. Children were then randomly assigned to receive either their optimal MPH dose or placebo after which they completed five neuropsychological tasks, each allowing trial-by-trial assessment of RTs. Stimulant effects on RT variability were observed on both measures of the total RT distribution (ie, coefficient of variation) as well as on an ex-Gaussian measure examining the exponential portion of the RT distribution (ie, τ). There was minimal, if any, effect of MPH on performance accuracy or RT speed. Within-task incentive and ER manipulations did not appreciably affect stimulant effects across the tasks. The pattern of significant and pervasive effects of MPH on RT variability, and few effects of MPH on accuracy and RT speed suggest that MPH primarily affects RT variability. Given the magnitude and breadth of effects of MPH on RT variability as well as the apparent specificity of these effects of MPH on RT variability indicators, future research should focus on neurophysiological correlates of effects of MPH on RT variability in an effort to better define MPH pharmacodynamics. 相似文献
49.
Simuunza M Bilgic H Karagenc T Syakalima M Shiels B Tait A Weir W 《Molecular and biochemical parasitology》2011,177(2):106-115
The tick-borne protozoan parasite, Babesia bovis is one of the causes of bovine babesiosis, an economically important disease of cattle in tropical and sub-tropical countries. Using the recently published genome sequence of the parasite, we developed a panel of eight mini- and micro-satellite markers and used these to investigate the role of genetic exchange in the population structure and diversity of the parasite using isolates from Zambia and Turkey. This population genetic analysis showed that genetic exchange occurs and that there are high levels of genetic diversity, with geographical sub-structuring quantified using Wright's F Index. Linkage disequilibrium was observed when isolates from both countries were treated as one population, but when isolates from Zambia were analysed separately linkage equilibrium was observed. The Turkish isolates were sub-structured, containing two genetically distinct sub-groups, both of which appeared to be in linkage equilibrium. The results of the Zambian study suggest that a sub-set of the parasite population is responsible for the westward spread of babesiosis into the previously disease-free central region of the country. The Zambian isolates had a significantly higher number of genotypes per sample than those from Turkey and age was found to be a significant predictor of the multiplicity of infection. The high levels of diversity seen in the Zambian and Turkish B. bovis populations have implications in the development of subunit vaccines against the disease and the spread of drug resistance. 相似文献
50.
Rohrmann S Shiels MS Lopez DS Rifai N Nelson WG Kanarek N Guallar E Menke A Joshu CE Feinleib M Sutcliffe S Platz EA 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2011,22(8):1141-1151