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51.
Waleed Al-Khyatt Charles A. Bull Sherif Awad Javed Ahmed 《World journal of surgery》2016,40(8):1918-1924
Background
Laparoscopic Roux en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) achieves sustained long-term weight loss and reduced mortality in morbidly obese patients. It is routinely performed using an ante- or retrocolic approach with the jejuno-jejunostomy constructed in the infracolic compartment. We have modified the standard technique of performing LRYGB by constructing both anastomoses in the supracolic compartment. This study describes the outcomes of consecutive primary LRYGB performed using this novel retrocolic–supracolic approach.Methods
Data were prospectively collected on consecutive primary LRYGB performed in a tertiary-referral Bariatric Centre in the United Kingdom from September 2009 to March 2013. Data included demographics, operative outcomes (duration of surgery, postoperative anastomotic leak/bleeding/reoperations), development of strictures, length of stay, excess weight loss (EWL) and resolution of diabetes mellitus.Results
Hand-sewn LRYGB was successfully performed using the retrocolic–supracolic approach in 300 of 307 (98 %) consecutive patients (72 % female). Median (IQR) age, weight and baseline body mass index were 49 (41–56) years, 146 (134–163) kg and 52.9 (48.8–57.2) kg/m2, respectively. There were 4 (1.3 %) anastomotic leaks and 8 (2.6 %) postoperative bleeds. The 30-day reoperation rate was 1.6 %. Median (IQR) hospital stay was 2 (2–2) days. Postoperative dysphagia requiring endoscopic balloon dilatation occurred in 19 (6.3 %) patients. Mean ± SD 12-month EWL was 69.9 ± 19.0 %. Within the follow-up period, 81 % of patients with type II diabetes mellitus achieved remission and 19 % reduced dosage of diabetes medication.Conclusions
LRYGB performed using the retrocolic–supracolic approach was safe, feasible, technically advantageous and resulted in clinical outcomes akin to the standard infracolic approach.52.
53.
Tadros SF D'Souza M Zettel ML Zhu X Lynch-Erhardt M Frisina RD 《Neurobiology of aging》2007,28(7):1112-1123
Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter. Serotonin may modulate afferent fiber discharges in the cochlea, inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex. Specific functions of serotonin are exerted upon its interaction with specific receptors; one of those receptors is the serotonin 2B receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in gene expression of serotonin 2B receptors with age in cochlea and IC, and the possible correlation between gene expression and functional hearing measurements in CBA/CaJ mice. Immunohistochemical examinations of protein expression of IC in mice of different age groups were also performed. Gene expression results showed that serotonin 2B receptor gene was upregulated with age in both cochlea and IC. A significant correlation between gene expression and functional hearing results was established. Immunohistochemical protein expression studies of IC showed more serotonin 2B receptor cells in old mice relative to young adult mice, particularly in the external nucleus. We conclude that serotonin 2B receptors may play a role in the pathogenesis of age-related hearing loss. 相似文献
54.
Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorders 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the human herpesvirus family that was initially isolated from a cultured Burkitt lymphoma cell line by Epstein et al in 1964. Subsequent studies have proven that it is the causative agent in most cases of infectious mononucleosis. Primary infection is usually asymptomatic in childhood; but in adulthood, it is associated with a self-limiting infectious mononucleosis syndrome in approximately one third of the cases. EBV has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. In this review, we will only discuss the EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders, dividing them into B-cell, T/NK-cell, and HIV-related lymphoproliferative disorders. 相似文献
55.
Benjamin Gronier Helene M. Savignac Mathieu Di Miceli Sherif M. Idriss George Tzortzis Daniel Anthony Philip W.J. Burnet 《European neuropsychopharmacology》2018,28(1):211-224
We have previously shown that prebiotics (dietary fibres that augment the growth of indigenous beneficial gut bacteria) such as Bimuno? galacto-oligosaccharides (B-GOS®), increased N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor levels in the rat brain. The current investigation examined the functional correlates of these changes in B-GOS®-fed rats by measuring cortical neuronal responses to NMDA using in vivo NMDA micro-iontophoresis electrophysiology, and performance in the attentional set-shifting task. Adult male rats were supplemented with B-GOS® in the drinking water 3 weeks prior to in vivo iontophoresis or behavioural testing. Cortical neuronal responses to NMDA iontophoresis, were greater (+30%) in B-GOS® administered rats compared to non-supplemented controls. The intake of B-GOS® also partially hindered the reduction of NMDA responses by the glycine site antagonist, HA-966. In the attentional set-shifting task, B-GOS® -fed rats shifted from an intra-dimensional to an extra-dimensional set in fewer trials than controls, thereby indicating greater cognitive flexibility. An initial exploration into the mechanisms revealed that rats ingesting B-GOS® had increased levels of plasma acetate, and cortical GluN2B subunits and Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase mRNA. These changes were also observed in rats fed daily for 3 weeks with glyceryl triacetate, though unlike B-GOS®, cortical histone deacetylase (HDAC1, HDAC2) mRNAs were also increased which suggested an additional epigenetic action of direct acetate supplementation. Our data demonstrate that a pro-cognitive effect of B-GOS® intake in rats is associated with an increase in cortical NMDA receptor function, but the role of circulating acetate derived from gut bacterial fermentation of this prebiotic requires further investigation. 相似文献
56.
57.
Sherif Dabash Joshua R Buksbaum Austin Fragomen S Robert Rozbruch 《World journal of orthopedics》2020,11(3):145-157
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA) is a complex and painful problem in the foot and ankle.Ninety percent of osteoarthritis cases in the foot and ankle can be classified as post-traumatic.PTOA can affect any of the 33 joints in the foot and the ankle.Distraction arthroplasty is a method for treatment of early arthritic joints without fusing or replacing them and its effectiveness has been well documented.The purpose of this case series is to present our successful experiences and positive results using distraction arthroplasty to treat PTOA in the ankle,subtalar,first metatarsophalangeal,and second tarsometatarsal joints,and to present distraction arthroplasty as a viable alternative to invasive joint sacrificing procedures such as arthrodesis or arthroplasty.Distraction Arthroplasty effectively and safely treats PTOA and improves the stability of joints in the Foot and Ankle.Additionally,the use of bone marrow aspirate concentrate as an adjuvant can improve the long-term functional and structural outcomes of the joint,and can prolong the need for further,more aggressive surgical interventions such as fusion or arthroplasty. 相似文献
58.
Katherine A O’Donnell Hélène Gaudreau Sara Colalillo Meir Steiner Leslie Atkinson Ellen Moss Susan Goldberg Sherif Karama Stephen G Matthews John E Lydon Patricia P Silveira Ashley D Wazana Robert D Levitan Marla B Sokolowski James L Kennedy Alison Fleming Michael J Meaney 《Revue canadienne de psychiatrie》2014,59(9):497-508
Objective:
To describe the theory and methodology of the multi-wave, prospective Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) study. The goal of MAVAN is to examine the pre- and postnatal influences, and their interaction, in determining individual differences in mental health.Method:
MAVAN is a community-based, birth cohort study of pregnant Canadian mothers and their offspring. Dyads are assessed longitudinally, with multiple assessments of both mother and child in home and laboratory across the child’s development. Study measures, including assessments of cognitive and emotional function, are described. The study uses a candidate gene approach to examine gene–environment interdependence in specific developmental outcomes. Finally, the study includes measures of both brain-based phenotypes and metabolism to explore comorbidities associated with child obesity. One of the unique features of the MAVAN protocol is the extensive measures of the mother–child interaction. The relation between these measures will be discussed.Results:
Evidence from the MAVAN project shows interesting results about maternal care, families, and child outcomes. In our review, preliminary analyses showing the correlations between measures of maternal care are reported. As predicted, early evidence suggests that maternal care measures are positively correlated, over time.Conclusions:
This review provides evidence for the feasibility and value of laboratory-based measures embedded within a longitudinal birth cohort study. Though retention of the samples has been a challenge of MAVAN, they are within a comparable range to other studies of this nature. Indeed, the trade-off of somewhat greater participant burden has allowed for a rich database. The results yielded from the MAVAN project will not only describe typical development but also possible targets for intervention. Understanding certain endophenotypes will shed light on the pathogenesis of various mental and physical disorders, as well as their interrelation. 相似文献59.
David Goerlitz Sania Amr Chiranjeev Dash Doa'a A. Saleh Mai El Daly Mohamed Abdel-Hamid Sherif El Kafrawy Tamer Hifnawy Sameera Ezzat Mohamed A. Abdel-Aziz Hussein Khaled Yun-Ling Zheng Nabiel Mikhail Christopher A. Loffredo 《Urologic oncology》2014,32(1):47.e15-47.e20
BackgroundBladder cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in men among Egyptians, for whom tobacco smoke exposure and Schistosoma haematobium (SH) infection are the major risk factors. We hypothesized that functional polymorphisms in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), modulators of the effects of reactive oxidative species, can influence an individual's susceptibility to these carcinogenic exposures and hence the risk of bladder cancer.MethodsWe assessed the effects of potential interactions between functional polymorphisms in the NQO1 and SOD2 genes and exposure to smoking and SH infection on bladder cancer risk among 902 cases and 804 population-based controls in Egypt. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) 95%.ResultsWater pipe and cigarette smoking were more strongly associated with cancer risk among individuals with the TT genotype for SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [1.86–10.42]) as compared with those with the CC genotype (OR [CI 95%] = 2.26 [0.97–6.74]). Conversely, the risk associated with SH infection was higher among the latter (OR [CI 95%] = 3.59 [2.21–5.84]) than among the former (OR [CI 95%] = 1.86 [1.33–2.60]). Polymorphisms in NQO1 genotype showed a similar pattern, but to a much lesser extent. The highest odds for having bladder cancer following SH infection were observed among individuals with the CC genotypes for both NQO1 and SOD2 (OR [CI 95%] = 4.41 [2.32–8.38]).ConclusionOur findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in NQO1 and SOD2 play important roles in the etiology of bladder cancer by modulating the effects of known contributing factors such as smoking and SH infection. 相似文献
60.
Miroslava udomov Kateina Berchov-Bímov Stefania Marzocco Alena Liskova Peter Kubatka Sherif T.S. Hassan 《Viruses》2021,13(6)
Human herpesviruses are known to induce a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from common cold sores to cancer, and infections with some types of these viruses, known as human oncogenic herpesviruses (HOHVs), can cause cancer. Challenges with viral latency, recurrent infections, and drug resistance have generated the need for finding new drugs with the ability to overcome these barriers. Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its multiple biological activities, including antiviral and anticancer effects. This paper comprehensively compiles all studies that have featured anti-HOHV properties of BBR along with promising preventive effects against the associated cancers. The mechanisms and pathways induced by BBR via targeting the herpesvirus life cycle and the pathogenesis of the linked malignancies are reviewed. Approaches to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BBR and its use in clinical practice as an anti-herpesvirus drug are also discussed. 相似文献