煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激关联探讨

目的探讨煤矿开采行业工人下背痛与职业应激的关联性。方法2015年1月至2016年12月,选择山西省某大型煤矿开采企业某矿区的一线生产工人472名作为研究对象,采用问卷调查方法调查其基本信息、下背痛患病信息、职业应激水平,二分类Logistic回归法分析下背痛与职业应激的关系。结果研究对象472人中186人在过去一年内发生过下背痛,下背痛年患病率为39.41%。下背痛组的职业应激任务得分高于非下背痛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、婚姻情况、工龄、职业应激任务、劳动强度、工作中保持同一姿势、倒班可能是下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),吸烟可能是下背痛的保护因素(P<0.01)。结论职业应激任务可能是煤矿开采工人发生下背痛的危险因素(P<0.01),合理分配工作任务、及时疏解煤矿开采工人的职业应激,可能是预防和控制下背痛的有效途径之一。     

Quercetin attenuates domoic acid-induced cognitive deficits in mice

Domoic acid (DA) is one of the best known marine toxins, causative of important neurotoxic alterations. DA effects are documented both in wildlife and experimental assays, showing that this toxin causes severe injuries principally in the hippocampal area. Accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in DA-induced cognitive functional impairment. Therefore, therapeutics targeted to improve mitochondrial function and increase oxidative stress defence could be bene?cial. Quercetin, a bio?avanoid, has been reported to have potent neuroprotective effects and anti-oxidative ability, but its preventive effects on DA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment have not been well characterised. In this study, we evaluated the effects of quercetin on DA-induced cognitive deficits in mice and explored its potential mechanism. Our results showed that the oral administration of quercetin to DA-treated mice significantly improved their behavioural performance in a novel objective recognition task and a Morris water maze task. These improvements were mediated, at least in part, by a stimulation of PPARγ coactivator 1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis signalling and an amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, quercetin activated nuclear factorerythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-mediated phase II enzymes and decreased reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation. Furthermore, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity significantly increased in the quercetin-treated group. Taken together, these findings suggest that a reduction in mitochondrial dysfunction through the increase of AMPK activity, coupled with an increase in Nrf2 pathway mediated oxidative defence, may be one of the mechanisms by which quercetin improves cognitive impairment induced by DA in mice.     

Longitudinal associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number

Adiposity may cause adverse health outcomes by increasing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which can be reflected by altered telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtCN) in peripheral blood leukocytes. However, little is known about the influence of lifetime adiposity on TL and mtCN in later life. This study was performed to investigate the associations of lifetime adiposity with leukocyte TL and mtCN in 9613 participants from the Nurses’ Health Study. A group-based trajectory modelling approach was used to create trajectories of body shape from age 5 through 60 years, and a genetic risk score (GRS) was created based on 97 known adiposity susceptibility variants. Associations of body shape trajectories and GRS with dichotomized TL and mtCN were assessed by logistic regression models. After adjustment for lifestyle and dietary factors, compared with the lean-stable group, the lean-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median TL (OR?=?1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35; P?=?0.01), and the medium-marked increase group had higher odds of having below-median mtCN (OR?=?1.28, 95% CI 1.00, 1.64; P?=?0.047). There was a suggestive trend toward lower mtCN across the GRS quartiles (P for trend?=?0.07). In conclusion, telomere attrition may be accelerated by marked weight gain in middle life, whereas mtCN is likely to be reduced persistently by adiposity over the life course. The findings indicate the importance of lifetime weight management to preserve functional telomeres and mitochondria.     

Potent and selective inhibitors of Staphylococcus epidermidis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase

OBJECTIVES: The skin commensal and opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the leading causes of nosocomial and biofilm-associated infections, which urgently requires discovery of new antibiotics. We decided to find new leads that target the S. epidermidis tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (SeWRS), which is essential for translation. METHODS: We applied an approach combining structure-based discovery in silico with biochemical and biological experiments in vitro to screen SeWRS inhibitors. RESULTS: Three compounds have an inhibitory effect on enzymatic activities of SeWRS, of which two show low inhibition of the human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. Binding of these compounds to bacterially expressed SeWRS was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance technology. These three compounds can also obviously inhibit growth of S. epidermidis in vitro and displayed low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS: These compounds are good leads to develop new antibiotics.     

485例非结核分枝杆菌病的误诊分析

目的 提高对非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)病的认识,减少误诊,提高临床诊治水平。方法 对2003年10月至2021年1月在国内发表的确诊为非结核分枝杆菌病的485例患者的临床资料进行二次分析,总结其临床特点。结果NTM肺病(472例,97.3%)最常见,其余可见皮肤、关节、角膜、脑等部位NTM感染。所有患者在确诊前均被误诊,NTM肺病最易被误诊为肺结核(447例,94.7%),NTM皮肤病最易被误诊为孢子丝菌病(4例,44.44%)。主要症状为咳嗽(366例,77.5%)、咳痰(360例,76.3%)、咯血(218例,46.2%)、气促(111例,23.5%)。在NTM肺病中,影像学提示双肺(72.3%)受累多见,病灶表现以斑片影(232例,48.4%)、支气管扩张(146例,30.5%)、空洞(124例,25.9%)为主。支气管扩张主要见于右肺中叶或左肺舌叶(100例,75.3%);空洞以薄壁空洞为主(104例,83.9%),上肺最多见(71例,57.3%),其次以右肺中叶或左肺舌叶多见(30例,24.2%),均靠近胸膜;而肺不张、胸腔积液、钙化灶、淋巴结肿大少见。主要致病菌为脓肿分枝杆菌(29.4%)、鸟分枝杆菌(24.2%)、胞内分枝杆菌(18.1%)、龟分枝杆菌(13.4%)。NTM对一线、二线抗结核药高度耐药,治疗主要选择大环内酯类为核心,并联合4～5种药物组成治疗方案,治疗时间长,治愈率低。结论 NTM病临床表现不典型、影像学无特异性、检测手段受限,且医生对该病认识不足,易被误诊、漏诊。NTM对抗结核药高度耐药,治疗难度大,治愈率低。     

ASO Visual Abstract: Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Cancers with Peritoneal Metastasis—A 30-year Institutional Experience

Annals of Surgical Oncology -     

Patient-Specific Sarcoma Organoids for Personalized Translational Research: Unification of the Operating Room with Rare Cancer Research and Clinical Implications

Annals of Surgical Oncology - Sarcoma clinical outcomes have been stagnant for decades due to heterogeneity of primaries, lack of comprehensive preclinical models, and rarity of disease. We...     

The role of urine IgG in the progression of IgA nephropathy with a high proportion of global glomerulosclerosis

International Urology and Nephrology - IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common glomerulonephritis in the world, is an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is necessary to explore...