Prestorage white cell reduction in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol red cells by use of an integral filter: evaluation of storage values and invivo recovery

BACKGROUND : Prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in blood components may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions and improve component quality. A bottom-and-top system with an integral third-generation WBC- reduction filter has been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Whole blood was collected from 30 healthy donors: from 20 by using a blood container system with an integral filter and from 10 controls by using a standard blood container system. Ten test units were buffy coat- depleted, stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C, and then filtered, while an additional 10 test units were buffy coat-depleted and filtered at room temperature within 8 hours of collection. All units were stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days and sampled weekly. RESULTS : The mean WBC content of the 72-hour, 4 degrees C units was 0.33 × 10(6), that of the room-temperature units was 2.6 × 10(6), and that of the buffy coat- depleted controls was 460 × 10(6) (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were found among lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium, and plasma hemoglobin levels in the three groups. ATP and 2,3 DPG levels were significantly better preserved in control units than in 72-hour, 4 degrees C units (p = 0.016 and p = 0.032, respectively), but not better than in the room-temperature units. Significant differences were observed between pH values in filtered units and both groups of test units (p = 0.016). In biologic terms however, these differences were small. Red cells from an additional eight healthy volunteer donors were processed by an 8-hour room-temperature method and stored for 35 days. Studies in vivo 24-hour recovery of autologous red cells were performed by transfusing a radiolabeled (51Cr plus 131I-albumin) aliquot after 35 days' storage. Good recovery (mean > 80%) was found by both the single- and double-isotope-label methods. Recovery was significantly greater when calculated by the single-isotope method (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION : The combination of buffy coat removal and filtration in the blood container system with an integral filter achieved effective WBC reduction (> or = 3 log10 reduction from whole blood) without biologically significant detriment to in vitro or in vivo storage values.     

胰岛素在严重烧伤大鼠急性肺损伤中的保护作用

目的:观察胰岛素对严重烧伤所致的急性肺损伤的保护效应。方法:实验于2006-01/08在解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军烧伤中心实验室完成。取成年雄性SD大鼠36只,随机分成3组,每组12只:①烫伤 胰岛素组:水浴锅94℃,20s,制备30%总体表面积全层皮肤烫伤模型,伤后即刻腹腔注射生理盐水40mL/kg,并皮下注射胰岛素3U/kg。②烫伤组:造模和腹腔注射同烫伤 胰岛素组,皮下注射等体积生理盐水。③假烫组:用室温水浴模拟烫伤过程,伤后不给予补液。烫伤24h后,收集动脉血测定超氧化物歧化酶活性,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液测定蛋白含量,取肺组织进行苏木精-伊红染色观察病理变化,并测定髓过氧化物酶活性,同时电镜观察胸主动脉血管内皮细胞变化情况。结果:36只大鼠进入结果分析。①肺病理变化:烫伤 胰岛素组肺脏渗出和水肿较烫伤组明显减轻。②肺泡灌洗液中蛋白的质量浓度:烫伤组和烫伤 胰岛素组高于假烫组[(702.9±169.5),(486.5±149.2),(240.5±140.7)mg/L,P<0.05],烫伤 胰岛素组低于烫伤组(P<0.05)。③肺脏髓过氧化物酶活性:烫伤 胰岛素组低于烫伤组[(36.01±8.17),(59.51±12.50)nkat/g,P<0.05],与假烫组比较差异不显著。④血清超氧化物歧化酶活性:烫伤组和烫伤 胰岛素组低于假烫组[(2.27±0.18),(2.63±0.19),(2.81±0.21)mkat/L,P<0.01,0.05],烫伤 胰岛素组高于烫伤组(P<0.01)。⑤电镜下可见烫伤 胰岛素组内皮细胞损伤较烫伤组轻。结论:严重烧伤早期外源性胰岛素干预后可减轻急性肺损伤,具有明显的肺脏保护作用,这种作用可能与胰岛素的内皮细胞保护效应有关。     

重点中学中学生6 307人的抑郁障碍现况调查

目的了解中学生抑郁障碍的患病情况.方法在北京、辽宁、安徽3省市各随机取1所重点中学,在同1个月内分别对该校全体非毕业班的在校中学生6 307人采用抑郁自评量表进行抑郁障碍的筛查.对筛查结果异常及由班主任提供的筛查结果虽正常但怀疑有情绪问题的学生进行精神科检查,根据ICD-10中F32抑郁发作、抑郁复发和F34.1恶劣心境的诊断标准筛选出抑郁障碍的学生.其中北京市某校参加学生(北京组)3 727人;辽宁省某校学生(辽宁组)1 637人;安徽省某校高一年级学生943人(安徽组).结果发放问卷6 307份,收回合格问卷6 307份,有效率100%.①在6 307人,抑郁自评量表筛查的阳性率为23.50%;诊断为抑郁障碍的学生184例,患病率2.92%(184/6 307).其中北京组89例,辽宁组45例,安徽组50例.男女学生抑郁障碍的发病情况接近,差异无显著性意义(85/3 016,99/3 291,x2=0.392,P=0.531).三所中学高一学生的总检出率以安徽最高(50/943),辽宁次之(32/870),北京最低(25/668),差异无显著性意义(x2=5.423,P=0.066).北京组高中学生抑郁障碍患病率与辽宁组接近,差异无显著性意义[3.11%(42/1349),2.75%(45/1647),x2=0.344,P=0.558].②北京组中学学生抑郁障碍的总患病率为2.39%.初一学生的总患病率明显低于初二、高一、高二学生,且差异有显著性意义(P=0.001,0.011,0.037).但各年级中学生抑郁障碍男女性别之间差异均无显著性.③辽宁组中学学生抑郁障碍总检出率为2.75%.高一学生抑郁障碍患病率明显高于高二学生(3.68%,1.84%,x2=6.016,P=0.0146);各年级男女学生抑郁障碍患病率差异无显著性.④安徽组高一学生抑郁障碍总患病率为5.31%(50/943),男女学生差异无显著性意义(5.20%,5.44%,x2=0.027,P=0.870).结论所调查的重点中学学生中抑郁障碍比较常见,从初二年级开始出现有较明显的增加趋势,男女学生抑郁障碍的患病情况无明显差别.     

兔颧弓骨折骨缺损植骨临界值的确定

目的:在新西兰白兔颧弓上制备不同的骨折骨缺损,以求得兔颧弓骨折骨缺损植骨临界值。方法:实验于2005-06/2006-12在首都医科大学动物实验室完成。①新西兰大白兔36只,采用随机数字表法分成1mm骨缺损组、3mm骨缺损组、5mm骨缺损组和7mm骨缺损组4组,每组9只。在兔一侧颧弓分别制备1,3,5,7mm骨折骨缺损。②于4,8,12周通过大体解剖学、X射线片、病理学观察骨折骨缺损愈合情况。结果:36只兔均进入结果分析。1mm骨缺损4周即骨愈合。3mm骨折骨缺损在术后8周大体观见骨折断端无动度,缺损界线模糊,X射线片显示缺损有较明显外骨痂,骨折局部骨桥连接,骨折线模糊,病理见骨折两断端间充满致密纤维结缔组织,出现少量淡红色骨基质,未见骨性桥接骨痂。12周大体观察见缺损完全愈合,骨密度完全一致,骨折线消失;X射线片显示骨折断端有骨痂连接;病理出现部分骨桥连接。5mm,7mm骨折骨缺损在术后4,12周内经大体观察、X射线片影像、病理检查均未见骨桥,呈现骨不连特征。结论:兔颧弓12周临界骨折骨缺损为5mm,即骨折骨缺损等于或大于5mm,则骨缺损必须植骨,否则骨不连。5mm亦可以作为颌骨临界骨折骨缺损值的参考。     

A prospective, randomized study of the use of platelet concentrates irradiated with ultraviolet-B light in patients with hematologic malignancy

BACKGROUND: Irradiation of platelet concentrates (PCs) with ultraviolet- B (UVB) light inactivates the contaminating white cells and might be an alternative to filtration for the prevention of alloimmunization to HLA antigens and subsequent refractoriness to further platelet transfusions in multiply transfused patients with bone marrow failure. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with hematologic malignancy, mainly acute myeloid leukemia, were prospectively assigned in a random manner to receive either UVB-irradiated or control, nonirradiated PCs. All patients were given red cells that were white cell reduced by filtration. Transfusion efficacy and alloimmunization were assessed by means of corrected count increments, requirement for red cells and PCs, and measurement of lymphocyte-reactive antibodies. RESULTS: UVB-irradiated PCs had a clinical efficacy similar to controls as judged by corrected count increments at 1 to 6 and 12 to 24 hours and by the median requirement for red cell and platelet transfusions. Alloimmunization determined by measurements of lymphocyte-reactive antibodies using both conventional and antiglobulin-augmented lymphocytotoxicity techniques was not abolished in recipients of UVB-irradiated PCs (4/30, 13%) but was less than that in controls (5/20, 25%; p = NS). The mean number of platelet transfusion episodes prior to the occurrence of alloimmunization was greater in the control group (27 vs. 10; p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: In this trial, UVB irradiation did not diminish the clinical efficacy of platelet transfusions. There was a small but nonsignificant reduction alloimmunization, but no difference in refractoriness of the two groups was observed. Larger prospective randomized studies are required to confirm these findings and to compare UVB irradiation with white cell reduction.     

Effects of white cell reduction on the resistance of blood components to bacterial multiplication

BACKGROUND: While prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction by filtration may improve platelet and red cell quality, it also may remove an important anti-bacterial defense mechanism, especially if blood is WBC- reduced shortly after collection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The question of whether WBC reduction of platelet concentrates and red cells altered bacterial proliferation kinetics in components prepared from deliberately contaminated, freshly collected blood was investigated. Two-unit pools of whole blood were inoculated, at a concentration of approximately one colony-forming unit per mL, with one of 17 bacterial species reported to have caused septicemia in transfusion recipients. Each pool was divided after inoculation, and components were prepared from the 2 units after a 7-hour room- temperature holding period. One unit of each AS-1 red cell or platelet pair was WBC-reduced, and the pairs were then stored for 42 days at 4 degrees C (red cells) or for 10 days at 22 degrees C (platelets). Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed at periodic intervals. RESULTS: In red cells, clinically significant bacterial proliferation occurred in only one instance (Serratia marcescens), and growth was less rapid in the WBC-reduced unit than in the control. Three patterns of growth were seen in platelet concentrates. In four cases, there was rapid proliferation in both test and control units, while on 13 occasions there was minimal replication in either pair. On six occasions, substantial growth was noted in control units, while few or no bacteria could be found in the WBC-reduced units. There was no evidence in either red cells or platelets that bacteria proliferated more rapidly in units that had been WBC-reduced before storage than they did in units in which WBCs were retained. CONCLUSION: Rather than increasing the risk of bacterial proliferation through removal of active phagocytic cells, WBC reduction by filtration before blood storage may act to reduce the likelihood of significant bacterial proliferation, possibly by removal of microorganisms along with WBCs.     

Allogeneic marrow grafting with partially mismatched, unrelated marrow donors

Forty patients with advanced hematologic malignancies or severe aplastic anemia received marrow grafts from partially mismatched, unrelated marrow donors. All patients were administered conventional prophylaxis for acute graft-v-host disease (GVHD) consisting of methotrexate and low-dose glucocorticoids. All but two patients who survived at least 30 days showed durable engraftment. Six patients survive 17+ to 36+ months following transplantation. Severe acute GVHD was seen in 47% of the patients; however, no direct correlation between GVHD and the degree of mismatching could be determined. Fatal infections were seen in 29 patients, and in the majority the infection occurred after the granulocyte count had risen to greater than 500 cells/microL. We conclude that the problems encountered in this pilot study can potentially be solved, and that further studies with this type of marrow grafting are warranted.     

Specific ultrasonographic features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia

Prenatal diagnosis of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia (PL-HPH) by ultrasonography is difficult as PL-HPH must be differentiated from other skeletal dysplasias with short long bones and poor mineralization of the skeleton, such as osteogenesis imperfecta type II and achondrogenesis/hypochondrogenesis. Here we present a case of molecularly confirmed PL-HPH and illustrate specific ultrasonographic findings that help to distinguish PL-HPH from similar conditions.     

盐酸普鲁卡因经皮离子导入的研究

目的：考察盐酸普鲁卡因的离子导入与电流强度、药物浓度的关系。方法：测定不同的电流强度、不同的药物浓度的离子导入增渗倍数（ＥＲ）。结果：固定药物浓度,电流强度为０．１,０．２和０．３ｍＡ时的ＥＲ值分别为６８．９９和１２７。固定电流强度０．２ｍＡ,药物浓度为０．０１５１,０．０３０４和０．０６０５ｇ／１００ｍｌ时的ＥＲ值分别为９５,９９和９８,结论：离子导入可以显著提高药物渗透速率,增渗倍数（ＥＲ）随