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131.
Shazia Amar Albert Glozman Denise Chung Victor Adler Zeev Ronai Fred K. Friedman Richard Robinson Paul Brandt-Rauf Z. Yamaizumi Matthew R. Pincus 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1997,41(1):79-85
We have obtained evidence that oncogenic and activated normal ras-p21 proteins utilize overlapping but distinct signal transduction pathways. Recently, we found that ras-p21 binds to both jun and its kinase, jun kinase (JNK). We now present evidence that suggests that oncogenic but not normal activated p21 depends strongly on early
activation of JNK/jun. This early activation most likely involves direct interaction between oncogenic p21 and JNK/jun because p21 peptides that blocked the binding of p21 to JNK and jun strongly inhibited oncogenic p21-induced oocyte maturation while they did not inhibit insulin-activated normal cellular p21-induced
maturation. Very similar results were also obtained for a newly characterized specific inhibitor of JNK which blocked oncogenic
but not normal activated p21-induced oocyte maturation. We also found that both jun and JNK strongly enhanced oncogenic p21-induced oocyte maturation while they inhibited insulin-activated normal p21-induced
oocyte maturation. These results suggest that the peptides and JNK inhibitor may be useful agents in selectively blocking
the effects of oncogenic but not normal p21 in cells.
Received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献
132.
133.
Shazia Khan Siying Lin Gaurav V. Harlalka Asmat Ullah Khadim Shah Sumbul Khalid Sarmad Mehmood Muhammad Jawad Hassan Wasim Ahmad Jay E. Self Andrew H. Crosby Emma L. Baple Asma Gul 《Annals of human genetics》2019,83(6):477-482
Ciliopathies are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders often exhibiting phenotypic overlap and caused by abnormalities in the structure or function of cellular cilia. As such, a precise molecular diagnosis is important for guiding clinical management and genetic counseling. In the present study, two Pakistani families comprising individuals with overlapping clinical features suggestive of a ciliopathy syndrome, including intellectual disability, obesity, congenital retinal dystrophy, and hypogonadism (in males), were investigated clinically and genetically. Whole‐exome sequencing identified the likely causes of disease as a novel homozygous frameshift mutation (NM_152384.2: c.196delA; p.(Arg66Glufs*12); family 1) in BBS5, and a nonsense mutation (NM_019892.5:c.1879C>T; p.Gln627*; family 2) in INPP5E, previously reported in an extended Pakistani family with MORM syndrome. Our findings expand the molecular spectrum associated with BBS5 mutations in Pakistan and provide further supportive evidence that the INPP5E mutation is a common cause of ciliopathy in Northern Pakistan, likely representing a regional founder mutation. This study also highlights the value of genomic studies in Pakistan for families affected by rare heterogeneous developmental disorders and where clinical phenotyping may be limited by geographical and financial constraints. The identification of the spectrum and frequency of disease‐causing variants within this setting enables the development of population‐specific genetic testing strategies targeting variants common to the local population and improving health care outcomes. 相似文献
134.
Shazia Nakhoda Ann B. Zimrin Maria R. Baer Jennie Y. Law 《Transfusion and apheresis science》2017,56(2):123-126
Objectives
Hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) pancreatitis carries significant morbidity and mortality and often requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) rapidly lowers serum triglyceride (TG) levels. However, evidence supporting TPE for HTG pancreatitis is lacking.Methods
Ten patients admitted to the ICU for HTG pancreatitis underwent TPE at our institution from 2005–2015. We retrospectively calculated the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Examination II (APACHE II) score at the time of initial TPE and again after the final TPE session to assess the impact of triglyceride apheresis on morbidity and mortality associated with HTG pancreatitis.Results
All 10 patients had rapid reduction in TG level after TPE, but only 5 had improvement in their APACHE II score. The median APACHE II score decreased from 19% to 17% after TPE, correlating with an 8% and 9% decrease in median predicted non-operative and post-operative mortality, respectively. The APACHE II score did not differ statistically before and after TPE implementation in our patient group (p = 0.39).Conclusion
TPE is a clinically useful tool to rapidly lower TG levels, but its impact on mortality of HTG pancreatitis as assessed by the APACHE II score remains uncertain. 相似文献135.
Heon Yung Gee Pawaree Saisawat Shazia Ashraf Toby W. Hurd Virginia Vega-Warner Humphrey Fang Bodo B. Beck Olivier Gribouval Weibin Zhou Katrina A. Diaz Sivakumar Natarajan Roger C. Wiggins Svjetlana Lovric Gil Chernin Dominik S. Schoeb Bugsu Ovunc Yaacov Frishberg Neveen A. Soliman Hanan M. Fathy Heike Goebel Julia Hoefele Lutz T. Weber Jeffrey W. Innis Christian Faul Zhe Han Joseph Washburn Corinne Antignac Shawn Levy Edgar A. Otto Friedhelm Hildebrandt 《The Journal of clinical investigation》2013,123(8):3243-3253
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is divided into steroid-sensitive (SSNS) and -resistant (SRNS) variants. SRNS causes end-stage kidney disease, which cannot be cured. While the disease mechanisms of NS are not well understood, genetic mapping studies suggest a multitude of unknown single-gene causes. We combined homozygosity mapping with whole-exome resequencing and identified an ARHGDIA mutation that causes SRNS. We demonstrated that ARHGDIA is in a complex with RHO GTPases and is prominently expressed in podocytes of rat glomeruli. ARHGDIA mutations (R120X and G173V) from individuals with SRNS abrogated interaction with RHO GTPases and increased active GTP-bound RAC1 and CDC42, but not RHOA, indicating that RAC1 and CDC42 are more relevant to the pathogenesis of this SRNS variant than RHOA. Moreover, the mutations enhanced migration of cultured human podocytes; however, enhanced migration was reversed by treatment with RAC1 inhibitors. The nephrotic phenotype was recapitulated in arhgdia-deficient zebrafish. RAC1 inhibitors were partially effective in ameliorating arhgdia-associated defects. These findings identify a single-gene cause of NS and reveal that RHO GTPase signaling is a pathogenic mediator of SRNS. 相似文献
136.
Shabana Saeed Jamal Zafar Bashar Khan Ali Akhtar Sumair Qurieshi Shazia Fatima Naseer Ahmad Javed Irfanullah 《European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging》2013,40(5):737-743
Purpose
Detection of osteomyelitis beneath a diabetic foot ulcer is imperative for proper management; however, accurate and noninvasive diagnosis of osteomyelitis remains a challenge. Ubiquicidin 29-41 (UBI 29-41) is a synthetic antimicrobial peptide fragment reported to be highly infection-specific. 99mTc-UBI 29-41 has recently been reported to be a promising radiotracer for infection imaging. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the utility of 99mTc-UBI 29-41 scintigraphy in diabetic patients with suspected osteomyelitis of the foot.Methods
Included in the study were 65 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulcer and with clinical suspicion of osteomyelitis . Each patient had a three-phase bone scan and a 99mTc-UBI scan at 30 and 60 min after injection. The scan was considered to be consistent with osteomyelitis when the 99mTc-UBI 29-41 uptake was concordant with the 99mTc-MDP uptake. It was considered negative for osteomyelitis if there was no uptake of 99mTc-UBI 29-41 or if 99mTc-UBI 29-41 accumulated in an area not concordant with the abnormal uptake of 99mTc-MDP on the bone scan. In the latter case a diagnosis of soft-tissue infection was made. Bone infection was confirmed by bone biopsy/culture and by clinical and radiological follow-up.Results
Final analysis was done in 55 patients. Osteomyelitis was confirmed in 37 patients, and 18 patients were free of bone infection. 99mTc-UBI 29-41 was positive in all 37 patients and with the bone scan as the reference for the bone identified all osteomyelitic foci (68 in total). 99mTc-UBI 29-41 was negative for osteomyelitis in all 18 patients, and 17 of these patients were diagnosed with soft-tissue infection (99mTc-UBI 29-41 accumulation without concordant abnormal uptake on bone scintigraphy). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 99mTc-UBI 29-41 scan in combination with three-phase bone scan for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot was 100 %. Accuracy for soft-tissue infection was also 100 %. Maximum accumulation of the 99mTc-UBI 29-41 with maximum target to background activity was observed in the infectious foci at 30 min after injection.Conclusion
Tc-UBI 29-41 may be a useful agent for the accurate diagnosis of bone infection in diabetic foot because of the high accuracy demonstrated in this pilot study. It was able to differentiate between bone and soft-tissue involvement effectively in combination with a bone scan. 相似文献137.
Objective
We aimed to determine the association of FSWs typology with condom use among HIV high risk groups in Sindh, PakistanIntroduction
HIV is growing rapidly worldwide resulting in estimated 34 million population [1]. Recently, its epidemic has spread in Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean, and most parts of Asia [2]. According to Antenatal sero surveillance study conducted in 2011 by Agriteam canada, it’s prevalence in Pakistan is <0.1 [3].Focusing narrowly, its prevalence in Sindh, (one of the provinces of Pakistan) is similar in general population, but it is in the phase of concentrated epidemic (having more than 5% of prevalence in high risk groups)in vulnerable groups like IDUs and Male sex workers and transgender [4].Sexual intercourse has been identified as major route especially in HIV high risk groups including male sex workers, female sex workers (FSWs), transgender (hijras) and IV drug users. Among them, FSWs are at high risk because of unprotected sex and illicit drug use. Their prevalence is found to be 30.7% in low and middle income countries [5]. South Asia contributed with 12.63 lakh FSW in India only [6]. On the basis of their station of work, they are categorized into facility based (kothikhana, brothel or home) and mobile (street, mobile or beggars). They use different preventive measures including condom for their protection from HIV [7]. It varies with availability and access [8] . FSWs typology have different cliental and mode of action, therefore, it important to explore the preventive methods.Methods
Data was extracted from Second Generation Surveillance, Integrated behavioral and biological survey, Round IV for HIV infection conducted by Agriteam Canada in partnership with National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan in 2011. It was a cross sectional survey for high risk groups including FSWs from Pakistan. It was ethically approved by Review Board of the Public Health Agency of Canada and HOPE International’s Ethical Review Board, Pakistan. From Sindh province, FSWs based in Karachi, Sukkur and Larkana were recruited. Considering typology, they were categorized as mobile or facility based. After informed consent, socio-demographic and risk behavior were inquired. HIV was tested by ELISA/EIA and confirmed by Western Blot. Data was analyzed on SPSS 19. Continuous variables were expressed as mean±SD while categorical as frequency(%). Logistic regression assessed the association of FSWs typology with condoms use among HIV high risk groups.Results
Out of 4567 high risk population, 1127 were identified as FSWs. Mean age was 26.9 years. Most of them were facility based (72.8%) and 81.3% used condoms. Typology, age, education, duration of involvement, number of client per day, number of paid oral sex per month, knowledge about STI and knowledge about drop in center were significantly associated with condom use among HIV high risk groups.Conclusions
Majority of facility based FSWs use condoms to prevent HIV infection. Awareness and access to home based FSWs should be increased. It may help in targeting and designing preventive strategies for them at government and mass level. 相似文献138.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol with vaginal dinoprostone for term labor induction.Material and MethodsIt was a randomized controlled trial done in the Obstetrics Department, Shifa Community Health Centre, Shifa International Hospital (Teaching Hospital of Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad). All pregnant women at term pregnancy coming for induction of labor were enrolled. 246 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of them 208 women consented to be part of the study. These women were then randomized to receive either Treatment A (vaginal misoprostol) or Treatment B (vaginal dinoprostone). Data were completed for 200 women. These included induction labor and induction-delivery interval, fetal and maternal complications, and baby apgar score.ResultsOut of 200 women in the study, 100 were in Group A and 100 in Group B. Labor commenced in a mean of 6.67 hours (±3.63) in Group A whereas it took a mean of 8.41 hours (±5.13) in Group B (p = 0.00). Actual induction to delivery (of the baby) interval was a mean of 11.68 hours (±4.55) for misoprostol and 15.37 hours (±5.30) for dinoprostone group (p = 0.00). There were no cases of uterine rupture in both groups; however, there were 10 cases of uterine hyperstimulation in Group A and 4 in Group B (p = 0.09).ConclusionsIt is time to re-evaluate the role of misoprostol for term labor induction. It is an efficacious and cost-effective alternative to the presently licensed treatment. 相似文献
139.
Aymer Al-Mutairi Ashley N. D. Meyer Eric J. Thomas Jason M. Etchegaray Kevin M. Roy Maria Caridad Davalos Shazia Sheikh Hardeep Singh 《Journal of general internal medicine》2016,31(6):602-608
IMPORTANCE
Diagnostic errors are common and harmful, but difficult to define and measure. Measurement of diagnostic errors often depends on retrospective medical record reviews, frequently resulting in reviewer disagreement.OBJECTIVES
We aimed to test the accuracy of an instrument to help detect presence or absence of diagnostic error through record reviews.DESIGN
We gathered questions from several previously used instruments for diagnostic error measurement, then developed and refined our instrument. We tested the accuracy of the instrument against a sample of patient records (n?=?389), with and without previously identified diagnostic errors (n?=?129 and n?=?260, respectively).RESULTS
The final version of our instrument (titled Safer Dx Instrument) consisted of 11 questions assessing diagnostic processes in the patient–provider encounter and a main outcome question to determine diagnostic error. In comparison with the previous sample, the instrument yielded an overall accuracy of 84 %, sensitivity of 71 %, specificity of 90 %, negative predictive value of 86 %, and positive predictive value of 78 %. All 11 items correlated significantly with the instrument’s error outcome question (all p values?≤?0.01). Using factor analysis, the 11 questions clustered into two domains with high internal consistency (initial diagnostic assessment, and performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests) and a patient factor domain with low internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients 0.93, 0.92, and 0.38, respectively).CONCLUSIONS
The Safer Dx Instrument helps quantify the likelihood of diagnostic error in primary care visits, achieving a high degree of accuracy for measuring their presence or absence. This instrument could be useful to identify high-risk cases for further study and quality improvement.140.