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71.
72.
Vimal K Sharma Peter Lepping Murali Krishna Shazia Durrani John R M Copeland Patricia Mottram Rashmi Parhee Bennett Quinn Steven Lane Anthony Cummins 《The British journal of general practice》2008,58(551):411-416
BACKGROUND: The Global Mental Health Assessment Tool-Primary Care Version (GMHAT/PC) has been developed to assist health professionals to make a quick and comprehensive standardised mental health assessment. It has proved to be a reliable and valid tool in a previous study involving GPs. Its use by other health professionals may help in detecting and managing mental disorders in primary care and general health settings. AIM: To assess the feasibility of using a computer-assisted diagnostic interview by nurses and to examine the level of agreement between the GMHAT/PC diagnosis and psychiatrists' clinical diagnosis. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional validation study. SETTING: Primary care, general healthcare (cardiac rehabilitation clinic), and community mental healthcare settings. METHOD: A total of 215 patients between the ages of 16 and 75 years were assessed by nurses and psychiatrists in various settings: primary care centre (n = 54), cardiac rehabilitation centre (n = 98), and community mental health clinic (n = 63). The time taken for the interview, and feedback from patients and interviewers were indicators of feasibility, and the kappa coefficient (kappa), sensitivity, and specificity of the GMHAT/PC diagnosis were measures of validity. RESULTS: Mean duration of interview was under 15 minutes. The agreement between nurses' GMHAT/PC interview-based diagnosis and psychiatrists' International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria-based clinical diagnosis was 80% (kappa = 0.76, sensitivity = 0.84, specificity = 0.92). CONCLUSION: The GMHAT/PC can assist nurses to make accurate mental health assessment and diagnosis in various healthcare settings and it is acceptable to patients. 相似文献
73.
Noreen M Shah MA Mall SM Choudhary S Hussain T Ahmed I Jalil SF Raza MI 《Inflammation research》2012,61(3):177-188
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in the regulation of the host immune system. Each TLR recognizes specific pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR4 is one of the well characterized pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognizes the
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, some conserved structures from fungal to mycobacterial pathogens and some
endogenous ligands. A complex signaling cascade initiates after the ligand binds to the TLR4 ectodomain, leading to the activation
of multiple inflammatory genes. Genetic variations greatly influence immune responses towards pathogenic challenges and disease
outcome. In this review, we summarize various reports regarding TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility. 相似文献
74.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol with vaginal dinoprostone for term labor induction.Material and MethodsIt was a randomized controlled trial done in the Obstetrics Department, Shifa Community Health Centre, Shifa International Hospital (Teaching Hospital of Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad). All pregnant women at term pregnancy coming for induction of labor were enrolled. 246 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Out of them 208 women consented to be part of the study. These women were then randomized to receive either Treatment A (vaginal misoprostol) or Treatment B (vaginal dinoprostone). Data were completed for 200 women. These included induction labor and induction-delivery interval, fetal and maternal complications, and baby apgar score.ResultsOut of 200 women in the study, 100 were in Group A and 100 in Group B. Labor commenced in a mean of 6.67 hours (±3.63) in Group A whereas it took a mean of 8.41 hours (±5.13) in Group B (p = 0.00). Actual induction to delivery (of the baby) interval was a mean of 11.68 hours (±4.55) for misoprostol and 15.37 hours (±5.30) for dinoprostone group (p = 0.00). There were no cases of uterine rupture in both groups; however, there were 10 cases of uterine hyperstimulation in Group A and 4 in Group B (p = 0.09).ConclusionsIt is time to re-evaluate the role of misoprostol for term labor induction. It is an efficacious and cost-effective alternative to the presently licensed treatment. 相似文献
75.
76.
The cftr(tm1Unc)-knockout (CF-KO) mouse is being evaluated as a model of increased drug clearance noted clinically in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study investigated whether CF-KO mice exhibited altered omeprazole pharmacokinetics compared with wild-type mice. Clinical observations have suggested reduced responses to omeprazole in CF children, which may reflect alterations in bioavailability or clearance. Omeprazole was dosed intravenously and orally in a crossover fashion to age-matched CF-KO and wild-type male and female mice. The mean terminal half-life of approximately 6 min was found across genotype and gender groups. Blood to plasma ratio estimates for omeprazole were similar across genders and genotypes with a mean value of 0.69. Omeprazole blood clearance (Cl(b)) was significantly higher in both male (190 ml/min/kg) and female (168 ml/min/kg) CF-KO mice compared with wild-type controls of the same gender (73 ml/min/kg for males and 100 ml/min/kg for females). The distributional volume of omeprazole in CF-KO mice was also statistically higher than in control genotypes. Bioavailability estimates were similar between CF-KO and wild-type females but were unavailable for male mice, due to the large variability in plasma concentrations after oral administration and the difficulty estimating the area under the plasma curve when the terminal half-life suggested absorption rate-limited disposition. Potential mechanisms for the pharmacokinetic differences observed with omeprazole in CF-KO mice may be increased hepatic blood flow or an up-regulation of hepatic transporters. These results may provide support for using the CF-KO mouse as a model for the altered disposition of drugs in CF. 相似文献
77.
Background
Professional Divers are at a high risk of Sensorineural Hearing Impairment. Divers may sustain sub-clinical hearing loss that is not identified on pure tone audiometry (PTA). Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) reflect the functional status of the Outer Hair Cells. OAE testing constitutes the only non-invasive means of objective cochlear investigation and may be a more sensitive measure than PTA in identifying sub-clinical hearing loss.Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed to determine utility of Otoacoustic Emissions testing in detecting sub-clinical Inner Ear damage in divers of Indian Navy. Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) levels were measured in 50 audiologically asymptomatic ship divers of Indian Navy and compared with control group comprising of 50 normal hearing individuals.Results
No statistically significant differences were observed between the study and control group. Also no correlation was observed between diving years and TEOAE levels. There was no correlation greater than −0.49 between diving years and TEOAE SNR.Conclusions
We concluded that TEOAE levels are not a sensitive tool in identifying ships divers without any history of noise exposure at risk for developing hearing loss. 相似文献78.
Samreen Zulfiqar Sadia Shahnawaz Muhammad Ali Arif Mahmood Bhutta Shahid Iqbal Sikandar Hayat Shazia Qadir Muhammad Latif Nazia Kiran Ali Saeed Muhammad Ali Furhan Iqbal 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine》2012,2(2):104-108
Objective
To determine the presence of Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.Methods
Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B. bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.Results
27 out of 144 animals, from 5 out of 6 sampling districts, produced the 541-bp fragment specific for B. bovis. Age of animals (P=0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P=0.04) and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area. ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.Conclusions
: This study has reported for the first time the presence of B. bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output. 相似文献79.
目的:优选龙胆的最佳提取工艺。方法:比较冷浸提取、超声提取、加热回流提取、渗漉提取和煎煮提取等5种提取方式。采用L9(3^4)正交试验,以龙胆苦苷、龙胆总苷的提出率和干膏得率为考察指标,通过多指标综合评分法进行数据分析,对影响龙胆提取工艺的因素进行了研究。结果:龙胆的最佳提取工艺为:龙胆药材用70%乙醇徊热回流提取3次,每次1h.溶剂用量分别为10倍、8倍、8倍。结论:优选得到的提取工艺稳定可行,适合工业化生产。 相似文献
80.
Shazia Amar Albert Glozman Denise Chung Victor Adler Zeev Ronai Fred K. Friedman Richard Robinson Paul Brandt-Rauf Z. Yamaizumi Matthew R. Pincus 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1997,41(1):79-85
We have obtained evidence that oncogenic and activated normal ras-p21 proteins utilize overlapping but distinct signal transduction pathways. Recently, we found that ras-p21 binds to both jun and its kinase, jun kinase (JNK). We now present evidence that suggests that oncogenic but not normal activated p21 depends strongly on early
activation of JNK/jun. This early activation most likely involves direct interaction between oncogenic p21 and JNK/jun because p21 peptides that blocked the binding of p21 to JNK and jun strongly inhibited oncogenic p21-induced oocyte maturation while they did not inhibit insulin-activated normal cellular p21-induced
maturation. Very similar results were also obtained for a newly characterized specific inhibitor of JNK which blocked oncogenic
but not normal activated p21-induced oocyte maturation. We also found that both jun and JNK strongly enhanced oncogenic p21-induced oocyte maturation while they inhibited insulin-activated normal p21-induced
oocyte maturation. These results suggest that the peptides and JNK inhibitor may be useful agents in selectively blocking
the effects of oncogenic but not normal p21 in cells.
Received: 8 January 1997 / Accepted: 4 April 1997 相似文献