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91.
Effects of Odanacatib on the Radius and Tibia of Postmenopausal Women: Improvements in Bone Geometry,Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength 下载免费PDF全文
Angela M Cheung Sharmila Majumdar Kim Brixen Roland Chapurlat Thomas Fuerst Klaus Engelke Bernard Dardzinski Antonio Cabal Nadia Verbruggen Shabana Ather Elizabeth Rosenberg Anne E de Papp 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2014,29(8):1786-1794
The cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib (ODN), currently in phase 3 development for postmenopausal osteoporosis, has a novel mechanism of action that reduces bone resorption while maintaining bone formation. In phase 2 studies, odanacatib increased areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at the lumbar spine and total hip progressively over 5 years. To determine the effects of ODN on cortical and trabecular bone and estimate changes in bone strength, we conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, using both quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and high‐resolution peripheral (HR‐p)QCT. In previously published results, odanacatib was superior to placebo with respect to increases in trabecular volumetric BMD (vBMD) and estimated compressive strength at the spine, and integral and trabecular vBMD and estimated strength at the hip. Here, we report the results of HR‐pQCT assessment. A total of 214 postmenopausal women (mean age 64.0 ± 6.8 years and baseline lumbar spine T‐score –1.81 ± 0.83) were randomized to oral ODN 50 mg or placebo, weekly for 2 years. With ODN, significant increases from baseline in total vBMD occurred at the distal radius and tibia. Treatment differences from placebo were also significant (3.84% and 2.63% for radius and tibia, respectively). At both sites, significant differences from placebo were also found in trabecular vBMD, cortical vBMD, cortical thickness, cortical area, and strength (failure load) estimated using finite element analysis of HR‐pQCT scans (treatment differences at radius and tibia = 2.64% and 2.66%). At the distal radius, odanacatib significantly improved trabecular thickness and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) versus placebo. At a more proximal radial site, odanacatib attenuated the increase in cortical porosity found with placebo (treatment difference = –7.7%, p = 0.066). At the distal tibia, odanacatib significantly improved trabecular number, separation, and BV/TV versus placebo. Safety and tolerability were similar between treatment groups. In conclusion, odanacatib increased cortical and trabecular density, cortical thickness, aspects of trabecular microarchitecture, and estimated strength at the distal radius and distal tibia compared with placebo. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 相似文献
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One of the most important decisions in the management of community-acquired pneumonia is deciding the care site, which affects morbidity, mortality, and costs. Clinical judgment alone is difficult and imprecise. The Pneumonia Severity Index score and the CURB-65 (confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older) score are validated prognostic indices to predict mortality, and they can identify low-risk patients who may be eligible for outpatient management. However, limitations of the scoring systems preclude their isolated use, and they can only be recommended as an aid to guide hospital admission decisions. The Pneumonia Severity Index score is slightly better at identifying the lowest risk patients, whereas CURB-65 is much simpler to use. As an adjunct to clinical judgment, we consider CURB-65 to be the most useful prognostic index for identifying low-risk patients. 相似文献
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Regulation of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates by the heme-regulated protein kinase: Inhibition of interaction of Met-tRNAfMet binding factor with another initiation factor in formation of Met-tRNAfMet·40S ribosomal subunit complexes 下载免费PDF全文
R. S. Ranu I. M. London A. Das A. Dasgupta A. Majumdar R. Ralston R. Roy N. K. Gupta 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》1978,75(2):745-749
Protein synthesis in reticulocytes and their lysates is regulated by heme. In heme deficiency a heme-regulated translational inhibitor (HRI) that blocks initiation of polypeptide chains is activated. HRI is a protein kinase (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) that specifically phosphorylates the 38,000-dalton subunit of the Met-tRNA(f) (Met) binding factor (IF), which forms a ternary complex with Met-tRNA(f) (Met) and GTP, a finding that suggests that the inhibition by HRI involves the phosphorylation of IF.We have investigated the effect of HRI in the partial reactions of protein chain initiation in which the IF-promoted binding of Met-tRNA(f) (Met) to 40S ribosomal subunits is enhanced by another initiation factor [ternary complex dissociation factor (TDF)] and AUG. The results show that HRI at very low concentrations markedly inhibits the binding of Met-tRNA(f) (Met) to 40S subunits. The inhibitory effect of HRI requires ATP. Under these conditions HRI phosphorylates only the 38,000-dalton subunit of IF.The TDF preparations not only promote the binding of the ternary complex to 40S subunits but also promote the dissociation of the ternary complex in the presence of 5 mM Mg(2+) at 0 degrees . The preincubation of purified IF alone with low concentrations of HRI and ATP does not significantly affect its capacity to form the ternary complex; however, the TDF-promoted dissociation of the ternary complex is inhibited. The nonhydrolyzable analog adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate does not substitute for ATP. These findings suggest that phosphorylation causes a conformational modification in IF, which results in inhibition of the interaction between the ternary complex and TDF that is required for the binding of the ternary complex to 40S subunits. 相似文献
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Majumdar KN Banerjee A Ratha J Mandal M Sarkar RN Saha KD 《Arthritis and rheumatism》2008,58(3):696-706
OBJECTIVE: Leishmanial lipid is a strong immunosuppressor of host cells. Inhibition of the inflammatory responses of synovial cells through induction of apoptosis is one of the main targets of therapeutic intervention in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to examine the antiinflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects of leishmanial lipid on adherent synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) in patients with RA. METHODS: Lipid was extracted from a Leishmania donovani promastigote (MHO/IN/1978/UR6) by the Bligh and Dyer method. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the Griess reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for cytokines, NF-kappaB, and cytochrome c were performed. Levels of cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspases, Bcl-2, Bax, t-Bid, and cytochrome c in the cell lysate and of NF-kappaB p65 in the nucleus were determined by Western blotting. Microscopic analysis, nuclear staining, DNA fragmentation assay, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, colorimetric assay for caspases, and fluorescent probe for measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential were used to study the leishmanial lipid-induced apoptotic pathway in SFMCs. RESULTS: Leishmanial lipid inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NO in the culture, decreased their cytosolic protein levels, and decreased NF-kappaB p65 levels in SFMCs, in a dose-dependent manner. It had the reverse effect on interleukin-10 levels. Leishmanial lipid-induced apoptosis involved the activation of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax, the release of cytochrome c, the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that leishmanial lipid has strong antiinflammatory and apoptosis-inducing effects on SFMCs from patients with RA, and that apoptosis occurs via the mitochondrial pathway. 相似文献
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Dr. Yoram Elitsur Adhip P. N. Majumdar Wael A. Sakr Gordon D. Luk 《Digestive diseases and sciences》1991,36(3):335-340
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potent growth factor for many tissues including the gastrointestinal tract. EGF is present in the gut lumen and is absorbed through the mucosa in the developing animals. In addition, EGF has been found to alter the immune system. In this study, we investigated thein vitro effect of EGF on normal colonic lamina propria lymphocyte DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes were isolated by collagenase-EDTA digestion. The effect of EGF on Con A-stimulated lymphocyte thymidine incorporation was tested. We observed that EGF suppressed DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in lamina propria lymphocytes. EGF did not alter the time course of thymidine incorporation into LPL stimulated by the combination of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) and ionomycin. Our data suggest that (1) EGF suppresses DNA synthesis in human colonic lamina propria lymphocytes as well as ODC activity and (2) this inhibition may be mediated through protein kinase C or calcium flux. We postulate that EGF may have a role in modulating the human gut immune system.This work was supported in part by grant CA43280 from the National Institutes of Health. 相似文献
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