肿瘤内血流检测对卵巢肿瘤定性诊断的研究

目的：评价多普勒血流显象技术检测卵巢肿瘤内血流定性诊断卵巢肿瘤的价值。方法：对疑诊卵巢肿瘤的75例（其中53例卵巢良性肿瘤和22例恶性肿瘤）于术前1w内行C超检查及肿瘤内血流检测，并与术后组织病理学诊断对照。结果：53例卵巢良性肿瘤中的21例（39．62％）及22例卵巢恶性肿瘤中的21例（95．45％）C超均显示其结构鼻常；在21例卵巢良性肿瘤内检测到血流高峰收缩速度（PSV）的均值为14．2±8．1cm／s，阻抗指数（RI）均值为0．478±0．119。当以PSV＝16cm／s为卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的界值时，PSV诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为90．91％和90．57％；当以RI＝0．72为卵巢良、恶性肿瘤的界值时，RI诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为86．36％和69．81％；C超诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的敏感性和特异性率分别为95．45％和71．70％。三者的敏感性差异无显著性，而PSV诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的特异性率明显高于RI和C超检查者，差异具有显著性（P＜0．05）。结论：用多普勒血流显象技术检测卵巢肿瘤内异常。流的PSV，对预测卵巢肿瘤性质具有一定的临床意义。     

乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成的临床病理学意义

肿瘤血管生成（ＴｕｍｏｒＡｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ，ＴＡ）是目前肿瘤研究的重要课题，其研究目的在于探讨ＴＡ的预后价值以及预测肿瘤对抗血管生成药物的反应。本文应用第八因子相关抗原多克隆抗体对６５例乳腺浸润性导管癌（以下简称乳腺癌）进行了微血管的定量研究。结果显示：腋下淋巴结阳性病例组织的微血管密度（ＭｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌＤｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ＭＶＤ）（１２９．７±４４．９）明显高于腋下淋巴结阴性（ＮｏｄｅＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢｒｅａｓｔＣａｎｃｅｒ，ＮＮＢＣ）病例组的ＭＶＤ（７９．６±３３．６），差异呈极显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；发生术后复发及远处转移的病例的ＭＶＤ均值高达１４５．３；以上结果提示乳腺癌ＭＶＤ与肿瘤转移、复发均密切相关。我们认为乳腺癌ＭＶＤ可反映其血供状态，ＭＶＤ高的病例微血管丰富，肿瘤组织生长快，癌细胞易于进入微循环而发生转移     

YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎130例临床观察

目的探讨YAG激光与药物联合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎的疗效。方法随机选取130例文唇后接触性唇炎患者，应用美国Coherent公司生产的多功能多波长皮肤美容激光器（Nd：YAG激光）进行治疗，联合应用抗组胺药物等内服以及皮质类固醇激素外用。结果130例患者，完全治愈112例（占86．2％），显效16例（占12．3％），有效2例（占1．5％），无效为0，总有效率100％。结论YAG激光与药物结合治疗文唇后接触性唇炎获得满意疗效，具有创伤小，疗效高，副作用少，不留疤痕等特点。     

Blood-brain barrier disruption and complement activation in the brain following rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia

In previous studies we developed a rat model in which demyelination is reproducibly produced following rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia and demonstrated that the development of demyelination in this model is strongly associated with NMR indices of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Because complement is toxic to oligodendrocytes, we evaluated the hypothesis that BBB disruption precipitated by correction of hypoosmolality is followed by an influx of complement into the brain, which then contributes to the demyelination that occurs under these conditions. We studied four groups of rats with immunocytochemical analysis using primary antibodies to IgG and the C3d split-fragment of activated complement: (1) normal rats; (2) rats in which hyponatremia was maintained for 7 days; (3) chronically hyponatremic rats in which the plasma [Na(+)] was rapidly corrected with hypertonic saline administration 20 h prior to perfusion; and (4) chronically hyponatremic rats in which the plasma [Na(+)] was rapidly corrected with hypertonic saline administration 5 days prior to perfusion. In normonatremic and uncorrected hyponatremic rats only background staining was observed in areas lacking a BBB and in blood vessel walls, whereas marked increases in IgG and C3d staining were seen in the brains of rats both 20 h and 5 days after rapid correction of hyponatremia. The staining intensity was significantly correlated with the degree of neurological impairment. These results provide evidence for functional BBB disruption following rapid correction of hyponatremia and support the hypothesis that complement activation may be involved in the pathogenesis of osmotic demyelination.     

皮脂腺细胞体外培养及生长调节的研究进展

皮脂腺是皮肤重要的附属器。皮脂腺体外培养模型的建立为研究相关因子如细胞因子、生长激素及药物等对皮脂腺形态功能、生长发育及病理改变的作用提供了良好的平台。本文对皮脂腺细胞体外培养的实验方法、体外生长特性及影响皮脂腺细胞增殖分化的相关因素作简要综述。     

完全型雄激素不敏感综合征的临床特征与变异

目的　总结中国完全型雄激素不敏感综合征 (CAIS)患者的基本特征和不同变异。方法　回顾性研究了 1976年 3月至 2 0 0 2年 2月北京协和医院收治的 2 8例CAIS患者的临床表现、激素测定和性腺病理结果 ,并与中国正常人群和国外文献报道的CAIS患者进行比较分析。结果　CAIS患者为女性表型 ,成年身高 (16 6 6 7±3 81)cm ,阴毛、腋毛稀少或缺如 ,有乳房发育 ,女性外阴 ,阴道呈盲端 ,深度为 (5 76± 1 6 4 )cm ,无宫颈 ;2 6 1%合并存在睾酮水平下降 ;19 2 %出现睾丸肿瘤 ,11 5 %有较大的睾丸鞘膜积液 ,19 2 %存在有发育不良的子宫。结论　CAIS临床表现较为特异 ,但仍存在异质性 ,包括存在发育不良的子宫、合并存在睾酮水平下降 ;中国CAIS患者肿瘤的发生率高于国外的报道。     

颈前路带锁钢板内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脊髓损伤病人的护理

目的探讨颈前路带锁钢板内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脊髓损伤病人的护理。方法随机选取1999年7月￣2003年7月22例下颈椎骨折脊髓损伤拟行前路带锁钢板内固定手术的病人,进行回顾性分析。结果21例获随访6￣24个月,按Frank分析法评价。4例完全恢复正常(占18.18%),上升1级9例(占40.90%),上升2级6例(占27.27%),无改善2例(占9.09%),死亡1例(占4.55%)。结论加强颈椎骨折脊随损伤病人围手术期护理,可有效预防术后并发症的发生,提高手术成功率。     

微波治疗耳廓假性囊肿的疗效观察

目的 探讨微波治疗耳廓假性囊肿的疗效.方法 对82例耳廓假性囊肿采用微波治疗,观察其疗效.结果 82例总有效率100%,其中痊愈78例,显效4例,随访3～6个月无复发.结论 微波治疗简单易行,术中不易出血,术后反应轻,费用低廉,治疗效果确切,易被患者接受,值得推广使用.     

贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合治疗慢性乙肝36例观察

目的 探讨贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合应用治疗慢性乙肝的疗效。方法 对确诊为慢性乙肝的患者随机分 为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用贺普丁、卡提素、复方益肝灵联合用药。贺普丁50mg,口服,每日1次;卡提素0．5mg,穴位注 射,每半月1次;复方益肝灵2片,每日3次,口服。疗程半年。而对照组采用聚肌胞4mg,穴位注射,每周1次;乙肝疫苗 30μg,肌肉注射,每半月1次;护肝片2片,每日3次,口服。疗程半年。结果 治疗组各项指标明显优于对照组。结论 贺普 丁、卡提素及复方益肝灵合用治疗慢性乙肝疗效确切。     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.