案例式立体教学法在腹部提压心肺复苏培训中的应用研究

目的探讨案例式立体教学法在腹部提压心肺复苏培训中的应用效果。 方法选取2018年在南方医科大学附属郑州人民医院进行全科医师规范化培训的60名学员为研究对象，根据学员工号，采用数字奇偶法将其分为实验组和对照组，每组30名。实验组学员采用案例式立体教学法，对照组学员采用传统教学方法，培训结束后采用考核和问卷调查的方法对教学效果进行评估分析。 结果实验组学员理论成绩为(89.83±5.33)分，对照组学员理论成绩为(86.17±6.52)分，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组学员技能成绩为(84.17±5.43)分，对照组学员技能成绩为(78.50±5.44)分，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。问卷调查结果显示，案例式立体教学法在增强学习兴趣、提高思维能力、深化学习印象、增强思考主动性、强化理论与临床桥接方面的满意度均优于传统教学法，差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 结论案例式立体教学法应用于全科医师的腹部提压心肺复苏培训，有利于提高学员理论成绩和技能成绩，有利于提高思维能力、增强思考主动性、增加学习兴趣、深化学习印象和强化理论与临床桥接。     

肠旋转不良型左侧阑尾炎腹腔镜切除一例

正患者女,40岁,身高160 cm,体质量52 kg,因2 d前无明显诱因出现左下腹部持续性绞痛,于2018年10月19日急诊入院,体温37.7℃,脉搏112次/分,伴稍恶心,无呕吐、放射痛、发热,无腹泻、血便,无尿频、尿痛等症状。1 d前曾在当地社区医院以"急性肠炎"给予抗感染、解痉等治疗,自觉症状有所缓解,次日午间症状再次加重。查体:左下腹压痛(+)、反跳痛(+),局部腹肌紧张明显。行腹部CT平扫检查示:结肠走行反位,右半结肠位于左上腹,阑尾增粗伴周围渗出,周围间隙模糊,阑尾最粗约1.7 cm,临近盲肠壁稍增厚;胃腔大部分位于右侧,十二指肠垂直下行,可见Ladd束带;肝脏体积明显增大;脾脏受推挤,位于左侧肾上腺前方(图1～3)。诊     

布地奈德联合特布他林对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能的影响

目的:探究布地奈德与特布他林联合应用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者中的治疗效果,并探究其对患者肺功能的影响。方法:选取某院2018年4月~2019年3月收治的COPD患者(n=82例)为实验对象,依据不同的治疗方法,将入选患者分为联合组及单一组,每组41例,其中单一组采用特布他林治疗,联合组采用特布他林联合布地奈德治疗。观察两组患者的治疗效果、不良反应及其治疗前后的肺功能改善情况。结果:联合组的治疗总有效率为95.12%,与单一组的75.61%比较,两者差异显著(χ^2=6.248,P<0.05)。联合组治疗后FEV1为(2.46±0.97)L,显著高于单一组[(1.35±0.32)L,P<0.05];FVC为(2.84±0.66)L,显著高于单一组[(2.26±0.15)L,P<0.05];FEV1/FVC为(65.51±8.96),显著高于单一组[(58.31±7.93),P<0.05]。联合组的总不良反应率为7.32%,低于单一组的12.20%,但差异不显著(χ^2=0.554,P>0.05)。结论:布地奈德结合特布他林治疗COPD具有较好的治疗效果,可显著改善患者的肺功能,减少不良反应,安全性高。     

Golgi apparatus-synthesized sulfated glycosaminoglycans mediate polymerization and activation of the cGAMP sensor STING

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Exercise training‐induced visceral fat loss in obese women: The role of training intensity and modality

Visceral fat loss in response to four‐cycle ergometer training regimens with explicit differences in exercise intensity and modality was compared. Fifty‐nine obese young women (body fat percentage ≥ 30%) were randomized to a 12‐week intervention consisting of either all‐out sprint interval training (SIT_all‐out, n = 11); supramaximal SIT (SIT₁₂₀, 120% O_2peak, n = 12); high‐intensity interval training (HIIT₉₀, 90% O_2peak, n = 12), moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT, 60% O_2peak, n = 11), or no training (CON, n = 13). The total work done per training session in SIT₁₂₀, HIIT₉₀, and MICT was confined to 200 kJ, while it was deliberately lower in SIT_all‐out. The abdominal visceral fat area (AVFA) was measured through computed tomography scans. The whole‐body and regional fat mass were assessed through dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Pre‐, post‐, and 3‐hour post‐exercise serum growth hormone (GH), and epinephrine (EPI) were measured during selected training sessions. Following the intervention, similar reductions in whole‐body and regional fat mass were found in all intervention groups, while the reductions in AVFA resulting from SIT_all‐out, SIT₁₂₀, and HIIT₉₀ (>15 cm²) were greater in comparison with MICT (<3.5 cm², P < .05). The AVFA reductions among the SITs and HIIT groups were similar, and it was concomitant with the similar exercise‐induced releases of serum GH and EPI. CON variables were unchanged. These findings suggest that visceral fat loss induced by interval training at or above 90% O_2peak appeared unresponsive to the change in training intensity. Nonetheless, SIT_all‐out is still the most time‐efficient strategy among the four exercise‐training regimes for controlling visceral obesity.     

Association of Multiple Plasma Biomarker Concentrations with Progression of Prevalent Diabetic Kidney Disease: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study

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Cancer-associated thrombosis and drug–drug interactions of antithrombotic and antineoplastic agents

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often associated with malignant diseases and notably contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) brings additional costs to health expenditures and has a negative impact on oncological outcomes. Either the recurrence rate of VTE or bleeding complications are also higher in patients with cancer. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been recommended in peri-surgical periods, inpatient settings, and high-risk ambulatory patients. Although various risk stratification scores are used, none are ideal for identifying patients who can benefit from anticoagulant prophylaxis. New risk scoring systems or biomarkers are needed to identify patients who are more likely to benefit from prophylaxis with low bleeding risk. The questions about the patients who will be given prophylaxis and those who develop thromboembolism, with which drug, and how long they will be treated are still not fully answered. Anticoagulation is the cornerstone of the treatment, but management of CAT remains complex. Low molecular weight heparins and direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe options for the treatment of CAT. Recognizing adverse effects, drug–drug interactions, and accompanying conditions that cause dose adjustment is crucial. Prevention and treatment of VTE in patients with cancer require a multidisciplinary and patient-based approach.

Plain Language Summary

• Cancer-associated thrombosis is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer.
• Chemotherapy, surgery, and/or use of central venous access remarkably increase the risk of thrombosis.
• Prophylactic anticoagulation should be considered not only in inpatient follow-up and during peri-surgical period but also ambulatory patients with a high risk of thrombosis.
• Many parameters, such as drug–drug interactions, primary side of cancer, and comorbidities of patients should be considered when selecting anticoagulant drugs.
• More accurate risk stratification scores or biomarkers are still an unmet need.

     

滋肾祛风汤治疗慢性肾功能不全患者急性痛风性关节炎30例临床观察

风是嘌呤代谢紊乱及/或尿酸排泄减少所引起的一种晶体性关节炎,临床表现为高尿酸血症和尿酸盐结晶沉积所致的特征性急性关节炎等.痛风可分为原发性和继发性两大类,其与肾脏病的关系是:既可为原发性痛风急性发作导致肾功能受损而出现肾功能不全;亦可为多种肾脏病导致继发痛风急性发作.对于慢性肾功能不全的患者,急性痛风性关节炎可能对患者的肾功能带来严重影响,而用来治疗痛风的西药副作用明显,亦可能使肾功能进一步恶化.因此,既能治疗慢性肾功能不全患者急性痛风性关节炎,又能减少患者肾功能进一步损伤,是问题的关键.以下是我们临床应用滋肾祛风汤治疗此类患者30例的临床观察,特总结如下.     

累及右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病(附2例报告)

目的探讨累及右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病的诊断和治疗方法。方法对2例累及右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病患者采用腹部B超和心脏超声、增强CT等检查。手术治疗官分期进行,一期行心脏及下腔静脉肿瘤切除术,二期于术后1个月行子宫切除并盆腔清扫术。结果2例患者手术均获成功,1例随访3年,另1例随访4．5年,均存活。结论累及右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病罕见,详尽的术前检查、分期手术切除以及相关学科的协作是根治本病的关键。