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31.
The multi-industrial applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) lead to increasing exposure to humans. Though the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity had been evaluated previously, toxicity of other forms of ZnO nanomaterials has not been evaluated. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four different types of ZnO NMs were evaluated using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). In addition, the effect of anti-oxidants on ZnO NMs induced toxicity was also evaluated. Our results suggest that, size and shape of the nanomaterials have profound effects on their toxicity. The NPs and nanorods (NRs) possessed higher level of oxidative potential and ROS generation capacity than microparticles (MPs) and microrods (MRs). In contrast, MPs and MRs possessed higher level of lipid peroxidation capacity. The smaller NPs are more genotoxic while larger MPs and MRs were more cytotoxic in nature. Treatment with vitamin C or Quercetin significantly reduces the genotoxicity associated with ZnO NMs. The influence of size and shape in mediating NMs toxicity should be taken into account and the possible supplementation of anti-oxidants might mitigate the toxicity. 相似文献
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Shalini Agnihotri Rama Devi Mittal Rakesh Kapoor Anil Mandhani 《Urologic oncology》2014,32(7):946-951
ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that sexual dysfunction in elderly men with benign prostatic hyperplasia leads to prostatic inflammation, diagnosed by prostatic fluid interleukin-8 (IL-8), which lowers the positive predictive value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA).MethodsOverall, 160 men with lower urinary tract symptoms between 50 and 75 years of age with an elevated PSA level of more than 4 ng/ml with normal digital rectal examination and 50 age-matched controls with normal PSA level were prospectively evaluated for prostatic fluid IL-8 levels. Erectile dysfunction was measured by self-administered questionnaire of the Sexual Health Inventory for Men. Total and free serum PSA levels and IL-8 in prostatic fluid were measured 6 to 8 weeks after a course of 400 mg of ofloxacin and 20 mg of piroxicam given daily for 2 weeks. Transrectal ultrasonography–guided biopsy was done only when PSA level did not decrease less than 4 ng/ml.ResultsMean ages of patients and controls were 63.18 (standard deviation [SD]±7.10) and 60.18 (SD+6.02) years, respectively. Mean concentration of IL-8 in prostatic fluid of the patients was significantly higher, i.e., 6678 pg/ml (SD±1985.7) than in control, i.e., 1543 pg/ml (SD±375.7) (P<0.001). Following anti-inflammatory treatment, there was a significant decrease in the mean level of IL-8 from baseline to 5622 pg/ml (SD±1870.66) (P<0.001). Corresponding to this, a significant decrease was noted in total PSA levels to less than 4 ng/ml in 105 (65.62%) patients. Men with the highest levels of IL-8 had a greater degree of erectile dysfunction.ConclusionMen with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia and erectile dysfunction had significant inflammation of the prostate to cause spurious rise in PSA level resulting in an unnecessary biopsy. 相似文献
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Shubhaa Chawla Siddhant Trehan Aastha Chawla Shalini Jaggi Rajeev Chawla Vinay Kumar Depender Singh 《Primary Care Diabetes》2021,15(3):567-570
BackgroundDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes that can lead to irreversible blindness. Microalbuminuria is strongly associated with diabetic retinopathy and can be used as a reliable marker of diabetic retinopathy.AimTo assess the association between DR, microalbuminuria, and other modifiable risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methodology3090 patients with T2DM visiting North Delhi Diabetes Centre, New Delhi between July 2016 to October 2019 were evaluated for the clinical and biochemical parameters that included urinary albumin, HbA1C, lipid profiles, serum creatinine estimation and underwent biothesiometry.Results3090 patients (1350 females and 1740 males), with mean age of 52.7 ± 9.2 years and diabetes duration ranging from 1 to 19 years (mean 9.4 ± 6), duration of less than 5 years, 6–10 years and more than 10 years in 52%, 26% and in 22%, respectively. Duration of diabetes was strong predictor of retinopathy (p = 0.001). The HbA1c and BMI in patients with DR was significantly higher than in those without DR. 18.2% patients were diagnosed to have retinopathy. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 24.2% and was positively associated with DR (p = 0.002). 33.9% and 4.5% patients had microalbuminuria macroalbuminuria, respectively and 9.7% patients had creatinine >1.3 mg/dL. There was significant positive relationship between different grades of retinopathy and albuminuria.ConclusionsOur study is a large real-world study that demonstrates that HbA1c, BMI, duration of diabetes, microalbuminuria and peripheral neuropathy are relatively, yet cohesively contributing factors towards varying grade of retinopathy. 相似文献
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Wen Yea Hwong Swee Hung Ang Michiel L. Bots Sheamini Sivasampu Sharmini Selvarajah Wan Chung Law Lydia Abdul Latif Ilonca Vaartjes 《Global Heart》2021,16(1)
Background:Data on nationwide trends for stroke metrics are crucial to understand the extent of the disease burden to a country’s health system. Yet, this information remains scarce in low- and middle-income countries.Objectives:This study investigated trends of stroke incidence and 28-day all-cause mortality after a stroke from 2008 to 2016 in Malaysia, through linkage across national data sources.Methods:Hospital admissions with a principal diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack were included. Cases with first stroke were identified through linkage of hospital admission registers where age and sex-standardized trends of stroke incidence and its subtypes were calculated. By linking hospital registers to the National Death Register, the 28-day all-cause mortality rates after a stroke were estimated. Mann-Kendall’s test was used for trend evaluation.Results:From 243,765 records, the trend of stroke incidence showed an increase of 4.9% in men and a drop of 3.8% among women. Incidences were higher in men, at 99.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 103.9 per 100,000 in 2016 than women (80.3 per 100,000 in 2008 and 77.2 per 100,000 in 2016). There was a substantial increase in stroke incidence among those below 65 years old, with the largest increase of 53.3% in men aged between 35–39 years and 50.4% in women of similar age group. The trend for 28-day all-cause mortality showed a decline for men at –13.1% and women, –10.6%. Women had higher mortality from stroke (22.0% in 2008 and 19.7% in 2016) than men (19.4% in 2008 to 17.2% in 2016).Conclusion:This first empirical study on stroke trends in Malaysia revealed a worrying increase in stroke incidence among the younger population. Despite a declining trend, mortality rates remained moderately high especially in women. Comprehensive strategies to strengthen the prevention and management of stroke care are warranted. 相似文献
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Han WangTimothy M. Pawlik MD MPH PhD Mark D. DuncanXuan Hui MD ScM Shalini SelvarajahJoseph K. Canner MHS Adil H. HaiderNita Ahuja MD Eric B. Schneider 《The Journal of surgical research》2014
Background
Surgical treatment for gastric cancer has evolved substantially. To understand how changes in patient- and hospital-level factors are associated with outcomes over the last decade, we examined a nationally representative sample.Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional discharge data from the 2001–2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample were analyzed using cross tabulation and multivariable regression modeling. Patients with a primary diagnosis of gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy as primary procedure were included. We examined relationships between patient- and hospital-level factors, surgery type, and outcomes including in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS).Results
A total of 67,327 patients with gastric cancer undergoing gastrectomy nationwide with complete information were included. Compared with patients treated in 2001, patients in 2010 were younger, more likely admitted electively, treated in a teaching hospital, or at an urban center. There was no difference in the type of procedure performed over time. Factors associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality included older age, male gender, and nonelective admission (P < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, patients undergoing gastrectomy in 2010 demonstrated 40% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.60; P = 0.008). Overall mean LOS was 13.9 d (standard error, 0.1) without change over time. Factors associated with longer LOS included procedure type, hospital location, nonelective admission, and comorbid disease (all P < 0.05).Conclusions
The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality among surgically treated patients with gastric cancer decreased >40% between 2001 and 2010. Further research is warranted to determine if these findings are due to better patient selection, regionalization of care, or improvement of in-hospital quality of care. 相似文献40.
Sharmini Selvarajah Gurpreet Kaur Jamaiyah Haniff Kee Chee Cheong Tee Guat Hiong Yolanda van der Graaf Michiel L. Bots 《International journal of cardiology》2014