护生人文能力现状及其培养

通过对人文素质教育的内涵和护生人文能力现状的分析，提出护生人文能力是其整体素质的重要方面，加强护生人文素质教育是社会发展的必然和需要，从而探讨加强护生人文能力培养的有效途径。     

Clinico-genetic model to predict methotrexate intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis

Clinical Rheumatology - Methotrexate is the gold-standard DMARD in rheumatoid arthritis but is often associated with “mild” adverse effects like intolerance or laboratory abnormalities....     

Significant Impact of IL-6 -174G/C but Inverse Relation with -634 C/G Polymorphism in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Kashmiri Population

To study the possible role of proinflammatory interleukin 6 -174 G>C (rs 1800795) and -634 C>G (rs 1800796) polymorphism in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 190 NSCLC patients and 200 healthy controls were evaluated for polymorphic analysis of -174 G/C and -634 C/G by PCR-RFLP followed by DNA sequencing. A significant association was observed in the genotypic and allelic distribution of IL-6 -174 G/C in the NSCLC group as compared to control group [OR?=?2.7 (1.77–4.11), p?<?0.0001]. Smokers with the -174C allele were found to be significantly associated with NSCLC (p?=?0.01), while 634C/G SNP showed an inverse relation [OR-0.4, p?<?0.0001]. The present investigation revealed a significant association of the IL6 -174 G/C gene promoter polymorphism with NSCLC, and thus, the IL-6 -174G/C genotype can be considered as one of the biological markers in the etiology of NSCLC.     

石蜡包埋淋巴组织三种微量DNA提取方法的比较

目的为寻找一种高效、简便、实用的石蜡组织中DNA提取方法，本研究比较了三种不同的DNA提取方法对DNA质量的影响。方法选取淋巴相关组织的蜡块21例。三种DNA提取方法分别是简单消化煮沸法，酚／氯仿提纯法和试剂盒法。通过提取DNA的浓度和纯度、PCR扩增保守序列pglobin等方法，比较三种DNA提取方法的优劣。结果试剂盒法提取样品OD260／OD280平均比值位于1．6～1．8之间；提纯法位于1．3—1．5之间；简单消化煮沸法位于1，2—1．3之间。三种方法中，试剂盒法提取的DNA最为稳定。以3种DNA提取方法所获取DNA为模板，PCR扩增阳性率无统计学差异。结论从实用、快速、经济的角度综合分析，简单消化煮沸法简单快速，需要的组织样品少，是一个值得推荐的石蜡组织DNA提取方法。     

Do SNPs in folate pharmacokinetic pathway alter levels of intracellular methotrexate polyglutamates and affect response? A prospective study in Indian patients

This study investigated the impact of seven polymorphisms in genes of folate transport and (de)glutamation pathway on methotrexate polyglutamate levels and response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This prospective study included patients with rheumatoid arthritis. They were treated with methotrexate (up to 25 mg per week) for 24 weeks and categorized by EULAR response criteria into responders (good and moderate) and non-responders. Using real-time Taqman discrimination assay, SNPs were genotyped—rs1045642 (ABCB1 3435C>T), rs1128503 (ABCB1 1236C>T), rs10106 (FPGS 1994A>G), rs1544105 (FPGS G>A), rs11545078 (GGH 452C>T), rs3758149 (GGH -401C>T), and rs1051266 (RFC1 80G>A). RBC methotrexate polyglutamate_1–5(MTX-glu_1–5) levels were determined at 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks using by reverse phase HPLC using C-18 column followed by post column photo-oxidation. This study included 117 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (M:F?=?14:103). The mean dose of methotrexate at 24 weeks was 22.0?±?4.0 mg, with data on DAS28(3) at 24 weeks available in 96 patients—61 responders and 35 non-responders. Minor allele of GGH 452C>T had an association with non-response (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.6) and assuming the dominance of C, the recessive genetic model found GGH 452C>T CC genotype (odds ratio 9.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 76.0) was significantly associated with response. However, there was no difference in MTX-glu_1–5 levels among the various genotypes of this SNP (p?=?0.9). Other SNPs were neither associated with response nor with alteration in methotrexate polyglutamate levels. On logistic regression, GGH 452C>T CC genotype and DAS28(3) at baseline were independent predictors of response. GGH 452C>T CC genotype was associated with response to methotrexate. None of the SNPs affected MTX-glu_1–5levels.     

Methotrexate preferentially affects Tc1 and Tc17 subset of CD8 T lymphocytes

Clinical Rheumatology - Rheumatoid arthritis is considered a T-lymphocyte-mediated disease. However, studies have focussed on CD4 T-lymphocytes, ignoring CD8 T-lymphocytes despite the latter being...     

Deviated nasal septum in kashmiri children (Incidence and Etiology)

“The study comprised of 4562 children ranging from Birth to 14 years of age. Nasal septal deviation was found in 25 per cent of the cases with 18 per cent in 0–1 Year age group (Newborn & lnfants) and then showing rise in incidence as age advances with maximum of 32.65 percent in 11–14 year age group. Septal deviation in children though found commonly but leads to symptoms only infrequently. 7.35 percent cases were found to be symptomatic indicating that most of the times the deviation of septum is of mild nature. Trauma was found to be an important aetiological factor and it was found that mild nature of trauma (80%) in the form of falling on nose while learning to walk was more common. Various maternal factors like Parity, Gestational period of pregnancy, duration of labour and type of delivery were considered. None of these factors were found to have any significant correlation with deviation of nasal septum in children.”     

COMPARISON OF INTRAVENOUS IRON SUCROSE VERSUS LOW‐MOLECULAR‐WEIGHT IRON DEXTRAN IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Background : Low‐molecular‐weight iron dextran (CosmoFer^®) is the only form of parenteral iron that can be administered as a total dose infusion (TDI) in the United Kingdom (UK). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TDI CosmoFer in comparison to intravenous iron sucrose infusion (Venofer^®) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods and Results : A retrospective study of outpatients with CKD undergoing intravenous TDI CosmoFer or Venofer infusion was conducted at Salford Royal Hospital and Sunderland Royal Hospital. A total of 979 doses of CosmoFer and 504 doses of Venofer were administered. There were three minor adverse events in patients receiving CosmoFer compared with one minor event in a Venofer treated patient. There were no anaphylactoid‐type reactions in either group. Serum haemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT) improved significantly 4–6 months postinfusion in both treatment groups. Conclusion : TDI CosmoFer is an efficacious method of replenishing iron stores in CKD patients in an outpatient setting. Furthermore, TDI CosmoFer is safe and not associated with an increase in adverse events compared to Venofer.