Analgesic action and pharmacokinetics of lysine acetylsalicylate administered intramuscularly

The analgesic effect, acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS), a water-soluble salt of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were studied as compared with a 50% solution of analgin and a 4% solution of amidopyrine at intramuscular administration and ASA administered intragastrically. During inflammation-induced pain in rats LAS exerts a pronounced analgesic effect exceeding the activity of other agents. LD50 of LAS was similar to that of analgin and ASA. LAS toxicity was significantly less than that of amidopyrine. Bioavailability of ASA at intramuscular administration to rabbits was close to that at intravenous injection and significantly higher as compared with intragastric administration.     

Correlation of Prognostic Factors and Survival with Classical and Pleomorphic Variants of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

Abstract: The pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma has a worse prognosis than its classical counterpart. To determine if histologically separating invasive lobular carcinoma into either of these variants correlates with other prognostic indicators, we measured the mitotic figure index (number of mitotic figures/100 tumor cells), Ki67 labeling index (Ki67 positive cells/100 tumor cells), intratumoral microvessel density (microvessels/200X field), and the number of positive lymph nodes in 48 patients with invasive lobular carcinoma with a median follow-up of 63 months. There were 27 cases of classical lobular carcinoma (mean age, 58) and 21 cases of pleomorphic variant (mean age, 57). The mitotic figure index and Ki67 labeling index were significantly higher in the pleomorphic variant compared to the classical lobular carcinoma (p = 0.002, and 0.08 respectively). No significant differences in intratumoral microvessel density, number of positive lymph nodes, or age was found between the two histologic types. Relapse free survival was shorter in patients with pleomorphic variant (p = 0.05), but no difference in overall survival was detected (p = 0.47). Among all patients, lymph node status was the best predictor of relapse free (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.002), although there were no overall survival differences between patients with 0 to 3 positive lymph nodes. Relapse-free and overall survivals were better among patients who had lower indices of microvessel density (p = 0.07 and 0.08 respectively), Ki67 (p = 0.02 and 0.11), and mitotic figures (p = 0.10 and 0.07). By multivariate analysis no additional prognostic information was provided beyond that of the number of positive lymph nodes; except for overall survival, the mitotic figure index provided additional significant information. We conclude that the histologic diagnosis of pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma significantly correlates with shortened relapse-free survival, but among all invasive lobular carcinomas axillary nodal status and mitotic figure index provide more prognostic information than histologic subtyping into pleomorphic and classical variants.?     

广州市4家医院铜绿假单胞菌的血清学分型及耐药性分析

目的:了解广州市4家医院铜绿假单胞菌(PA)各血清型分布情况及耐药性.方法:按常规方法对各院各种临床标本进行细菌的培养、分离,用VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定仪对750株PA进行鉴定,K-B法进行药物敏感性检测,采用日本生研株氏会社分型血清用玻片凝集法对PA进行血清分型.结果:750株PA分型率为93.7%(703/750);以G、B、L、F、E型为主,其中G型197株占26.3%,B型90株占12.0%,L型78株占10.4%,F型77株占10.2%,E型72株占9.6%;5种主要血清型PA对临床常用的1 1种抗菌药物的耐药率分别是哌拉西林(PIP)14.3%～66.2%、替卡西林/克拉维酸(TIM)28.9%～68.8%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦(TZP)13.3%～62.3%、氨曲南(ATM)30.8%～42.8%、头孢他啶(CAZ)7.8%～22.9%、头孢吡肟(FEP)10.3%～18.3%、亚胺培南(IMP)7.8%～21.1%、庆大霉素(GEN)20.0%～66.2%、阿米卡星(AMK)10.0%～17.8%、环丙沙星(CIP)14.3%～59.7%、复方新诺明(SXT)90.0%～98.6%,经x2检验,各主要血清型对ATM、FEP、AMK、SXT的耐药性无统计学差异(P>0.05),而对PIP、TIM、TZP、GEN、CAZ、IMP、CIP的耐药性有统计学差异(P<0.01).结论:广州市4家医院的PA血清型以G、B、L、F、E为主,CAZ、FEP、IMP对各主要血清型PA的体外抗菌活性较强.     

Frequency format diagram and probability chart for breast cancer risk communication: a prospective, randomized trial

Background

Wife beating is an important public health problem in many developing countries. We assessed the rates of wife beating and examined factors associated with wife beating in 1995 and 2005 in Egypt.

Methods

We used data from two Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Egypt in 1995 and 2005 using multistage household sampling. Data related to wife beating included information from 7122 women in 1995 and 5612 women in 2005. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors independently associated with wife beating. Special weights were used to obtain nationally representative estimates.

Results

In 1995 17.5% of married women in Egypt experienced wife beating in the last 12 months, in 2005 – 18.9% or 16.0%, using different measures. The association between socio-demographic differentials and wife beating was weaker in the newer survey. The 12-month prevalence of wife beating was lower only when both partners were educated, but the differences across education levels were less pronounced in 2005. Based on the information available in the 2005 survey, more educated women experienced less severe forms of wife beating than less educated women.

Conclusion

Different measures used in both surveys make a direct comparison difficult. The observed patterns indicate that the changes in prevalence may be masked by two opposite processes occurring in the society: a decrease in (severe forms of) wife beating and an increase in reporting of wife beating. Improving the access to education for women and raising education levels in the whole society may help reducing wife beating.     

Design of pH-independent extended release matrix tablets of minocycline hydrochloride for the treatment of dementia

The aim of this study was to develop a pH-independent extended release matrix tablet of minocycline HCl for the treatment of dementia. The matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique using Eudragit L and S as release modifiers at different w/w ratios (1:0, 1:1 and 0:1) and PEO as a matrix former. In the case of the matrix tablet without any release modifiers, the drug release rate at pH 1.2 was much higher than that of pH 7.4. By adding the release modifier, the drug release rate at pH 7.4 increased close to that of pH 1.2 and the pH-independent release was obtained. In addition, it was shown that lubricants containing a divalent cation such as Mg stearate inhibited minocycline release in basic medium. Therefore, the incorporation of Eudragit L and S (1:1 ratio) as release modifiers and Na stearyl fumarate as a lubricant into PEO-based matrix tablets effectively produced pH-independent minocycline release profiles.     

铜绿假单胞菌“泛耐株”耐药相关基因研究

目的 研究"泛耐"铜绿假单胞菌中多种耐药基因的存在情况及耐药机制.方法 采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测22株"泛耐"铜绿假单胞菌的β-内酰胺酶基因、氨基糖苷类修饰酶(AMEs)基因、喹诺酮类耐药基因、耐消毒剂基因(qacE△l-sull)和整合酶基因.结果 PCR扩增结果显示22株菌中oprD2、blaCAEB、gyrA、aac(6')-Ⅰb、ant(2")-Ⅰ和qacE △ J-sull基因均阳性;blaSHV、blaSPM、blaGIM、blaDHA、blaOXA-10、blaGES、blaPER、aac(3')-Ⅰ和aac(6')-Ⅱ基因均阴性;blaIMP、blaTEM、blaVEB、aac(3')-Ⅱ、ant(3")-Ⅰ、int Ⅰ1和blaVIM阳性率分别为95.5%、77.3%、13.6%、4.5%、4.5%、4.5%和4.5%.结论 oprD2基因阳性说明这些泛耐菌株中外膜蛋白并未缺失,多种耐药基因同时存在是本研究中铜绿假单胞菌"泛耐"的根本原因.     

国产重组乙型肝炎疫苗(中国仓鼠卵巢细胞)免疫后1～8年效果观察

目的观察新生儿接种国产重组乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗[中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO细胞)]后1~8年免疫效果。方法2005年9~10月在4个试点乡对1997~1999年出生的儿童全部采集血清标本,检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果免疫后1~8年,抗-HBs阳性(S/N≥2.1)率平均为91.95%,有效抗-HBs阳性(S/N≥10.0)率为75.74%,抗体S/N值几何平均浓度(GMC)为30.14毫国际单位/毫升。总的趋势是抗体阳性率和GMC随免疫年限延长逐渐降低。HBsAg阳性率为0.67%,抗-HBc阳性率为1.39%,未见HBsAg随免疫年限延长而逐渐升高的现象。结论国产重组乙肝疫苗(CHO细胞)免疫后1~8年抗体持久性下降,但保护效果良好。     

2006年河北省流感爆发中分离Victoria系乙型流感病毒变异株血凝素基因序列分析

目的研究2006年河北省流感爆发中分离的乙型流感毒株HA抗原性和基因特性,阐明HA基因的变异与流感爆发的关系。方法用MDCK细胞分离培养流感病毒,提取病毒核糖核酸,采用RT-PCR扩增病毒HA基因,纯化产物进行核苷酸序列测定,用DNAStar软件作分析处理。结果2006年在河北省流感爆发中分离的乙型流感病毒属Victoria系,与最近的代表株B/HongKong/330/2001相比已发生较大变异,核苷酸同源性仅为96.4%～96.8%,在抗原决定簇上有6～7个位点发生了氨基酸替换,与流感监测中分离的Victoria系乙型流感病毒HA1区改变一致。结论2006年河北省流感爆发与常规监测中分离到的乙型流感病毒HA1抗原性改变一致,是Victoria系乙型流感病毒的一个新变种,在HA1区域发生的变异是乙型流感爆发的主要原因,应引起重视。     

The absolute lymphocyte to monocyte ratio is associated with poor prognosis in classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients younger than 60 years of age

Recent studies suggest that absolute lymphocyte count, absolute monocyte count and their ratio [lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR)] at diagnosis may predict survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Here, we investigated the prognostic significance of LMR in cHL patients in relation to age of patients. Subjects included 351 cHL patients (age range from 4 to 84 years, median age 34 years, sex ratio 1.58) who had been followed‐up for a median period of 59 months (range, 0.1–245 months). The estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 86.8%. Subgroup analysis was performed according to patients' age; non‐elderly group (<60 years of age) versus elderly group (≥60 years of age). There was no significant difference in the level of absolute lymphocyte count, absolute monocyte count or LMR between the age groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off value of LMR for the entire cohort was determined at 2.8, whereas the optimal cut‐off for the elderly group was 2.2. In the non‐elderly group (<60 years old), patients with LMR <2.8 had significantly lower OS or lymphoma‐specific survival compared with those with LMR ≥2.8 (p < 0.001, both). In contrast, neither the LMR value of 2.8 or 2.2 predicted survival in the elderly group. In multivariate analysis, LMR remained a significant prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.049). The results of our analysis suggest that low LMR is associated with poor OS in patients of <60 years old. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationship of glioblastoma multiforme to neural stem cell regions predicts invasive and multifocal tumor phenotype

Neural stem cells with astrocyte-like characteristics exist in the human brain subventricular zone (SVZ), and these cells may give rise to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We therefore analyzed MRI features of GBMs in specific relation to the SVZ. We reviewed the preoperative and serial postoperative MR images of 53 patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The spatial relationship of the contrast-enhancing lesion (CEL) with the SVZ and cortex was determined preoperatively. Classification was as follows: group I, CEL contacting SVZ and infiltrating cortex; group II, CEL contacting SVZ but not involving cortex; group III, CEL not contacting SVZ but involving cortex; and group IV, CEL neither contacting SVZ nor infiltrating cortex. Patients with group I GBMs (n = 16) were most likely to have multifocal disease at diagnosis (9 patients, 56%, p = 0.001). In contrast, group IV GBMs (n = 14) were never multifocal. Group II (n = 14) and group III (n = 9) GBMs were multifocal in 11% and 29% of cases, respectively. Group I GBMs always had tumor recurrences noncontiguous with the initial lesion(s), while group IV GBM recurrences were always bordering the primary lesion. Group I GBMs may be most related to SVZ stem cells; these tumors were in intimate contact with the SVZ, were most likely to be multifocal at diagnosis, and recurred at great distances to the initial lesion(s). In contrast, group IV GBMs were always solitary lesions; these may arise from non-SVZ, white matter glial progenitors. Our MRI-based classification of GBMs may further our understanding of GBM histogenesis and help predict tumor recurrence pattern.