A case of lupus vulgaris with unusual location

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest diseases of our planet; today, it still is a serious medicosocial problem in both developing and developed countries. Cutaneous tuberculosis is part of the small percentage of extrapulmonary forms of the disease and has considerable morphological variability. It is often confused with various cutaneous disorders and some other granulomatous processes of the skin. Here, we present a case of long-standing and atypically-located lupus vulgaris in an old man. The patient was successfully treated with triple antituberculous therapy.     

Is there a relationship between symptoms of patients and tomographic characteristics of styloid process?

Objectives

To investigate the angulations and length of the styloid process (SP) on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images between the patients having elongated SP complaints and those without any stylalgia symptoms.

Patients and methods

One hundred patients underwent 3D-CT evaluation of the bilateral temporomandibular joints to investigate for symptomatic elongated styloid process (ESP) at our institution. The differences between the mean angulations and lengths of the SP and comparisons between patient and control groups were analyzed by student t test.

Results

In study group, mean length of styloid processes was 40.7 ± 10.8 mm on the right and 40.3 ± 10.9 mm on the left. Mean medial angles of SP were measured as 22.60 ± 4.0 on the right side and 22.60 ± 4.5 on the left side. In the same group, mean anterior angles of SP were 16.10 ± 6.9 on the right and 16.70 ± 7.1 on the left side. The “in-group” comparisons of lengths, medial and anterior angles did not produce statistically significant results. The comparison of medial angulations between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients was the only statistically meaningful result in our study.

Conclusion

3D-CT has several advantages according to conventional tomography for visualization of head and neck anatomy. The increase of medial angulation of SP may be responsible for the development of complaints in ESP.     

A Complete Gonadal Dysgenesis Case with Mental Retardation,Congenital Hip Dislocation,Severe Vertebra Rotoscoliosis,Pectus Excavatus,and Spina Bifida Occulta

Background46,XY, or Swyer syndrome, is a complete gonadal dysgenesis. Patients usually presents with primary amenorrhea with underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics. Phenotypes of these patients are female. In this report, a Swyer syndrome case is reported with novel clinical features that are classified as connective tissue disorders. This case and the 2 other previously reported Swyer syndrome cases with ascendant aortic aneurysm and diaphragmatic hernia are suggest that the Y chromosome has an important role in the structure of connective tissue.CaseHere we report a case of a 17-year-old with clinical features of 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis including external female genitalia, hypoplastic uterus, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, incomplete secondary sex characterics, primary amenorrhea, and normal male karyotype. In addition, she had mild mental retardation, severe rotoscoliosis, pectus excavatus, spina bifida occulta, hip dislocation, and long, slender extremities. She had a rudimentary uterus and streak gonads; after giving her cyclic estrogen and progesterone pills, she was able to menstruate.Summary and ConclusionIn this report, a Swyer syndrome case was discussed regarding clinical features, especially those are not characteristic for Swyer syndrome after a review of the literature.     

Antioxidant and renoprotective effects of sphingosylphosphorylcholine on contrast-induced nephropathy in rats

Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major cause of morbidity, and increased costs as well as an increased risk of death. This study was evaluated effects of exogenous sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) administration on CIN in rats. Eight animals were included in each of the following eight groups: control, control phosphate-buffered solution (PBS), control SPC 2, control SPC 10, CIN, CIN PBS, CIN SPC 2 and CIN SPC 10. The induced nephropathy was created by injected with 4?g iodine/kg body weight. SPC was administered 3 d at a daily two different doses of 2?μm/mL and 10?μm/mL intraperitoneally. The severity of renal injury score was determined by the histological and immunohistochemical changes in the kidney. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined to evaluate the oxidative status in the renal tissue. Treatment with 2 and 10?μM SPC inhibited the increase in renal MDA, NO levels significantly and also attenuated the depletion of SOD in the renal injuryCIN. These data were supported by histopathological findings. The inducible nitric oxide synthase positive cells and apoptotic cells in the renal tissue were observed to be reduced with the 2 and 10?μM SPC treatment. These findings suggested that 2 and 10?μM doses can attenuate renal damage in contrast nephropathy by prevention of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The low and high dose SPC may be a promising new therapeutic agent for CIN.     

眼睑皮肤松垂程度与年龄的关系——三级转诊中心的前瞻性研究

目的：调查眼睑皮肤松垂的位置和程度及是否伴随假性上睑下垂与年龄的关系。方法：选取113例眼睑皮肤松垂患者纳入本研究,记录患者的年龄,性别及体质指数。于第一眼位检测睑裂高度和睑缘至瞳孔反射点距离( MRD)。皮肤松垂的程度分为1级：皮肤松垂未及睑缘(至少距睑缘1 mm);2级：皮肤松垂达睑缘水平;3级：皮肤松垂越过睑缘前。结果：患者平均年龄为52.7±8.6(32~74)a。男36例(31.9％),女77例(68.1％)。平均体质指数为30.3±4.7(21.5~36.6)kg/m2,平均睑裂高度为10.7±1.6(7~15)mm,平均MRD为3.8±1.2(1~5) mm。30例(26.5％)患者的皮肤松垂未及睑缘(1级),38例(33.6％)患者位于睑缘水平线(2级),而45例(39.8％)患者越过睑缘前(3级)。50例(44.2％)患者由于皮肤松垂引起假性上睑下垂。皮肤松垂程度在年龄方面的差异显著。皮肤松垂1级和2级患者的平均年龄(50.3±6.6,50.5±9.5岁)明显低于3级患者年龄(56.0±8.2岁)。假性上睑下垂患者(56.3±8.3岁)的平均年龄明显高于非假性上睑下垂患者(49.8±7.8岁)。对于皮肤松垂严重程度和假性上睑下垂,患者体质指数无显著差别。结论：皮肤松垂严重程度和假性上睑下垂的发生率随年龄的增长而有所增加。