Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thrombin-activatable carboxypeptidase B for prediction of early atherosclerosis in gouty arthritis

Background

Gouty arthritis (GA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis in which both clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis are more frequent. The dynamic equilibrium between coagulation and fibrinolysis is impaired in inflammatory diseases. We determined TFPI and TAFI antigen levels in GA patients and evaluated their association with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods

We included 45 GA patients (41 males, 4 females; mean age: 51.6 years) and 25 asymptomatic hyperuricemic (AHU) subjects (19 males, 6 females; mean age: 48.1 years). Cardiovascular risk factors were determined. TAFI and TFPI levels were determined by ELISA. B-mode ultrasonography was used to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.

Results

Cardiovascular risk factors were similar in both groups. The carotid IMT was significantly higher in GA group than in AHU group (0.74 ± 0.23 mm vs. 0.61 ± 0.13 mm, p = 0.009). TFPI level was significantly higher in GA group than in AHU group (86.2 ± 48.9 ng/mL vs. 25.8 ± 21.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001); TAFI antigen was significantly higher in AHU group (22.6 ± 3.6 ng/mL vs. 25.7 ± 5.3 ng/mL, p = 0.006) than in GA patients. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was more frequent in GA group (p = 0.041). When GA patients with and without plaques were compared, the first group had significantly higher mean age (p = 0.01) and TFPI level (p = 0.028). TFPI level correlated with carotid IMT (r = 0.302; p = 0.028). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR: 1.236, 95%CI: 1.059-1.443, p = 0.007) and TFPI (OR: 1.031, 95%CI: 1.008-1.054, p = 0.008) were independent risk factors for the presence of plaques.

Conclusions

GA patients had more frequent subclinical atherosclerosis than subjects with AHU. Higher TFPI levels in GA patients –probably associated with enhanced endothelial damage- were related to subclinical atherosclerosis. Lower TAFI levels in GA pointed to impaired fibrinolysis.     

Autonomic dysfunction detection by an automatic pupillometer as a non-invasive test in patients recovered from COVID-19

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To recognize dysfunctions in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) with changes in dynamic and static pupillary responses in patients...     

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine

Purpose

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign, relatively uncommon lesion, representing 1.4 % of primary bone tumors. The vertebral column is involved in 3–30 % of cases. This report describes clinical characteristics and treatment results of 18 patients with aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine.

Methods

Between 1991 and 2008, 18 patients with aneurysmal bone cyst of the spine were surgically treated in our department. The clinical records, radiographs, histologic sections, and operative reports were analyzed.

Results

There were 11 male and 7 female patients; mean age was 22.1 years (range 7–46 years). Localizations were cervical (3), cervicothoracic (2), thoracic (3), lumbar (4), and sacrum (6). Tumor was localized on the left side in 11 cases, on the right side in 2 and at midline in 5 patients. The two most common clinical features were axial pain (14 patients) and radicular pain (8 patients). Neurological signs were paraparesis in 3, monoparesis in 6. Mean duration of symptoms was 9 months (range 3 months–3 years). All patients underwent surgery: total removal was performed in 13 patients and subtotal resection in 5. Posterior (11), anterolateral (1), or combined anterior-posterior (6) approaches were used. Mean follow-up duration was 112.3 months (range 4–21 years). We detected four recurrences in subtotal excision group (4/5), and one recurrence in total excision group (1/13).

Conclusion

Treatment options for aneurysmal bone cysts are simple curettage with or without bone grafting, complete excision, embolization, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities. Radical surgical excision should be the goal of surgery to decrease the recurrence rate. Recurrence rate is significantly lower in case of total excision.     

The distinction between unipolar and bipolar depression: A cognitive theory perspective

Background

There is very limited data about the cognitive structure of bipolar depression when compared to unipolar depression. The aim of the study was to look into the differences between unipolar and bipolar depressed patients regarding their cognitive structure in view of Beck's cognitive theory.

Methods

In this study, 70 bipolar patients during a depressive episode, 189 unipolar depressed patients and 120 healthy subjects were recruited. The participants were interviewed by using a structured clinical diagnostic scale. To evaluate the cognitive structure differences, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) were used.

Results

We found that on the mean ATQ total score, the unipolar depressed patients scored significantly higher (92.9 ± 22.7) than both the bipolar depressed patients (73.2 ± 24.7) and the healthy subjects (47.1 ± 19.6), even after controlling for all confounding factors, e.g. gender, marital status, depressive symptom severity (F = 157.872, p < 0.001). The bipolar depressed patients also scored significantly higher on the mean ATQ total score than the healthy controls. On the mean DAS total score, and on the mean score of its subscale of need for approval, the bipolar depressed patients scored (152.8 ± 21.2 and 48.2 ± 7.4, respectively) significantly higher than both the unipolar depressed patients (160.9 ± 29.0 and 51.9 ± 9.7, respectively) and the healthy subjects (127.9 ± 32.8 and 40.2 ± 12.2, respectively), even after controlling for any confounding factor (F = 45.803 [p < 0.001] and F = 43.206 [p < 0.001], respectively). On the mean score of the perfectionistic attitude subscale of the DAS, the depressed groups scored significantly higher than the healthy subjects, but they did not seem to separate from each other (F = 41.599, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

These results may help enhance the understanding of the potentially unique psychotherapeutic targets and the underlying cognitive theory of bipolar depression.     

Evaluation of parafoveal vascular density using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy

Lasers in Medical Science - Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), we sought to evaluate parafoveal vascular density (VD) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR)....     

Efficient in situ N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(ii) generated from Pd(OAc)2 catalysts for carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with 2-bromopyridine under inert conditions leading to unsymmetrical arylpyridine ketones: synthesis,characterization and cytotoxic activities

N,N-Substituted benzimidazole salts were successfully synthesized and characterized by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C {¹H} NMR and IR techniques, which support the proposed structures. Catalysts generated in situ were efficiently used for the carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of 2 bromopyridine with various boronic acids. The reaction was carried out in THF at 110 °C in the presence of K₂CO₃ under inert conditions and yields unsymmetrical arylpyridine ketones. All N,N-substituted benzimidazole salts 2a–i and 4a–i studied in this work were screened for their cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines such us MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D. The N,N-substituted benzimidazoles 2e and 2f exhibited the most cytotoxic effect with promising cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values of 4.45 μg mL⁻¹ against MDA-MB-231 and 4.85 μg mL⁻¹ against MCF7 respectively.

The in situ prepared four component system Pd(OAc)₂, 1,3-dialkylbenzimidazolium halides 2a–i and 4a–i, K₂CO₃ under CO atmosphere catalyses carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of 2-bromopyridine with various boronic acids to yield unsymmetrical arylpyridine ketones.