山东省医学影像研究所所长——连世海

山东省医学影像研究所所长连世海副研究员是解放后我国自己培养的一代科学家之一,1945年参加革命,1953年毕业于山东医学院,1958年任山东省立医院放射科主任,副主任医师。     

脊麻药复合微量芬太尼对防治牵拉反应的探讨

目的 探讨脊麻药中复合微量芬太尼对牵拉反应的防治效果。方法 选择美国麻醉医师协会（american society of anesthesiologists，AsA）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级、足月、初产及单胎而需行剖宫产术的病人60例，随机分成2组，每组30例。2组病人的年龄、性剐、体重、局麻药用量、麻醉方法均无显著性差异，均选用腰硬联合麻醉（combined spinal—epidural anesthesia，CSEA）。A组：等比重0．5％罗哌卡因9-11mg＋芬太尼10μg。B组：等比重0．5％罗哌卡因9-11mg。观察术中牵拉反应和生命体征并记录，进行统计学处理。结果 2组间麻醉前、后相对应的MAP（平均动脉压）、HR（心率）、RR（呼吸频率）和SpO2（血氧饱和度）变化均无显著性差异（JP〉0．05），2组间新生儿Apgar评分均无显著性差异（P〉0．05），比较2组术中的牵拉反应，A组明显优于B组，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）结论 脊麻药中加入微量芬太尼对牵拉反应有良好的防治效果。     

快速富集骨髓干细胞复合羟基磷灰石三钙在胸腰椎骨折中的应用

胸腰椎骨折在临床上是脊柱骨折的好发部位,后路手术多采用椎弓根钉系统复位固定加椎板间或横突间植骨融合。后外侧融合是降低内固定失败、减少纠正丢失等并发症的有效措施。传统植骨采用自体髂骨,也有运用同种异体骨,但有一定并发症发生率。近年来有单纯运用骨髓移植治疗骨缺损     

Synergistic effects of Nell-1 and BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts.

Osteogenesis is synergistically enhanced by the combined effect of complimentary factors. This study showed that Nell-1 and BMP-2 synergistically enhanced osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts and phosphorylated the JNK MAPK pathway. The findings are important because of the osteochondral specificity of Nell-1 signaling and the potential therapeutic effects of coordinated BMP-2 and Nell-1 delivery. INTRODUCTION: BMPs play an important role in the migration and proliferation of mesenchymal cells and have a unique ability to alter the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages. Signaling upstream of Cbfa1/Runx2, BMPs effects are not limited to cells of the osteoblast lineage. Thus, additional osteoblast-specific factors that could synergize with BMP-2 would be advantageous for bone regeneration procedures. NELL-1 (NEL-like molecule-1; NEL [a protein strongly expressed in neural tissue encoding epidermal growth factor like domain]) is a novel growth factor believed to preferentially target cells committed to the osteochondral lineage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C2C12 myoblasts were transduced with AdLacZ, AdNell-1, AdBMP-2, or AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 overexpression viruses. Effects were studied by cell morphology, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin production, and MAPK signaling. Additionally, in a nude mouse model, viruses were injected into leg muscles, and new bone formation was examined after 2 and 8 wk. RESULTS: C2C12 myoblasts co-transduced with AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 showed a synergistic effect on osteogenic differentiation as detected by alkaline phosphatase activity and osteopontin production. Nell-1 stimulation on AdNell-1 + AdBMP-2 preconditioned C2C12 cells revealed significant activation of the non-BMP-2 associated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK signaling pathway, but not the p38 or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) MAPK pathways. Importantly Nell-1 alone did not induce osteogenic differentiation of myoblasts. In a nude mouse model, injection of AdNell-1 alone stimulated no bone formation within muscle; however, injection of AdNell-1+AdBMP-2 stimulated a synergistic increase in bone formation compared with AdBMP-2 alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are important because of the confirmed osteochondral specificity of Nell-1 signaling and the potential therapeutic effects of enhanced BMP-2 action with coordinated Nell-1 delivery.     

应充分重视和保护透析患者残余肾功能

透析患者的最终目标是提高生活质量，延长生命时间。近年来的研究提示，无论是腹膜透析（PD）还是血液透析（HD）患者，残余肾功能（RRF）的存在是一个至关重要的影响因素。它不仅可改善透析患者的营养状态和生活质量，减少透析的时间，维持较好的血红蛋白水平，同时能降低患者病死率，是病死率强有力的预测因子。     

外伤性胸椎间盘突出症的早期诊断与手术治疗

[目的]探讨外伤性胸椎间盘突出症的临床表现、早期诊断及手术治疗效果。[方法]2000年6月-2005年6月共收治外伤性胸椎间盘突出症患者11例，其中男8例，女3例，年龄15-38岁，平均23．96岁。诊断时间距外伤时间最短的为2d，最长的8个月，平均4．1个月。早期明确诊断后行经关节突入路胸椎间盘摘除术。[结果]11例患者获得1、1-3．8年术后随访，平均随访2．6年。根据Otani’s等分级方法进行疗效评价：优7例，良3例，可1例，差0例，失败0例。手术优良率为90．91％。[结论]外伤性胸椎间盘突出较少见，无典型临床表现，本症的早期诊断及早期手术治疗是远期优良疗效的保证。     

BKV in Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Leading Cause of Renal Graft Loss in First 2 Years Post-Transplant

With the introduction of more potent immunosuppressive agents, rejection has decreased in simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant (SPK) recipients. However, as a consequence, opportunistic infections have increased. The purpose of this report is to outline the course of SPK patients who developed polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN). A retrospective review of 146 consecutive SPK recipients from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2002 was performed. Immunosuppression, rejection and development of PVAN were reviewed. Nine patients were identified. All received induction with either OKT3 or thymoglobulin. Immunosuppression included tacrolimus/cyclosporine, MMF/azathioprine and sirolimus/prednisone. Two patients were treated for kidney rejection prior to the diagnosis of PVAN. Time to diagnosis was an average of 359.3 days post-transplantation. Immunosuppression was decreased but five ultimately lost function. However, none developed pancreatic abnormalities as demonstrated by normal glucose and amylase. Two underwent renal retransplantation after PVAN diagnosis and both have normal kidney function. PVAN was the leading cause of renal loss in SPK patients in the first 2 years after transplantation and is a serious concern for SPK recipients. The pancreas, however, is spared from evidence of infection, and no pancreatic rejection occurred when immunosuppression was decreased.