Aim
To determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
deficiency in the population of the town of Komiža on the island
of Vis, which has previously been reported as a place with several cases of
favism.
Methods
We screened 302 randomly selected men, using the fluorescent spot test.
Fluorescence readings were performed at the beginning and 5, 10, and 20
minutes after incubation, and were classified into three groups: bright
fluorescence, weak fluorescence, and no fluorescence. All men found to be
G6PD deficient were tested with a quantitative spectrophotometric UV
method.
Results
Of the 302 tested blood samples, 36 (11.9%) samples showed weak fluorescence
or no fluorescence spots. Spectrophotometric UV test showed that 18 (5.96%)
men were G6PD deficient. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the population
of Komiža is significantly higher
(
P<0.001) than the prevalence in the whole
population of Dalmatia in the south of Croatia (0.75% in men).
Conclusion
On the basis of these findings, we recommend including the newborns from the
island of Vis into a screening program for G6PD deficiency. Our results
indicate that G6PD deficiency should be determined for all the island
isolates in the Mediterranean basin and they warrant further studies.Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most common inherited
disorders, with approximately 400 million people affected worldwide (
1,
2). More
than 140 different mutations of the G6PD gene have been identified (
3). Molecular analysis of the inhabitants of the
Dalmatian region in the south of Croatia identified the G6PD Cosenza (1376 G→C)
as the most frequent mutation, followed by G6PD Mediterranean mutation (563
C→T, ref. (
4). All individuals with G6PD
Mediterranean mutation had concomitant silent C→T transition at the position
1311, which is often found in Mediterranean basin, but not in Asia (
5). Association of the factor V Leiden and G6PD
deficiency has been observed in Dalmatian population (
6).Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is unrecognized in most affected
individuals. However, it may have a clinical expression such as acute acquired hemolytic
anemia, chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, favism, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
(
7). Different variants of the enzyme are
found in high frequency in African, Mediterranean, and Asian populations (
8). Heterozygote advantage against malaria was found
to account for the high frequency of distinct alleles in particular populations (
9).Komiža is a small town on the isolated island of Vis, in the Adriatic Sea, a
part of the Mediterranean basin. Although the prevalence of G6PD deficiency has not
previously been determined in Komiža, there were several cases of favism
originating from Komiža which were treated in our hospital. Therefore, we
hypothesized that there could be a significantly higher incidence of G6PD deficiency
than in other parts of Dalmatia.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in the
population of Komiža and compare it with the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in
the whole population of Dalmatia. Being an X-linked genetic condition, the prevalence of
G6PD deficiency in any given population is determined by the number of men with the
deficiency (
10).
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