Ameloblastoma of the mandible

Summary Three cases of the ameloblastoma, located periapically and interradicularly, which have similar radiographic appearances to odontogenic cysts are described. The ameloblastoma is locally invasive, rearely metastatic, and has a much higher recurrence rate than the odontogenic cysts after surgical intervention, nevertheless, it is classified as a benign odontogenic tumor of the jaws. In order to collect appropriate information for the diagnosis of an ameloblastoma which requires differentiation from odontogenic cyst, there are two basic categories we should observe. One is the clinical manifestations including age, history, signs and symptoms of the patient. The other is the radiographic pattern and configuration including location, size, shape, radiolucency, periphery, bony expansion, and relationship to the adjacent anatomic landmarks. On the basis of these considerations, it is of significant importance to provide an appropriate diagnosis derived from the differential diagnosis for guidance to a corresponding and successful surgical procedure.     

Flavonoids from the leaves ofRhododendron brachycarpum

The flavonoids isolated from the leaves ofRhododendron brachycarpum, were identified as quercetin, avicularin, quercitrin and hyperin.     

A learned odor decreases the number of Fos-immunopositive granule cells in the olfactory bulb of young rats

Olfactory stimulation evokes a column of activity within the olfactory bulb extending from the glomerular layer to the granule cell layer that can be visualized with 2-deoxyglucose autoradiography, optical imaging, Fos protein immunohistochemistry and c-fos mRNA in situ hybridization. The Fos response to odors is typified by the activity of relatively few juxtaglomerular cells, which often occur in foci, and a large number of granule cells extending through much of the bulb. In this study, we characterized the granule cell response to an odor for which young rats had acquired a preference. Fos-like immunoreactive granule cells were quantified by image analysis, and densely stained cells were counted in a region previously shown to be responsive to peppermint odor. We found that odor-trained pups have about half the number of Fos-immunopositive superficial granule cells which respond to a learned odor than do control pups. We then determined whether there was a correlation between the juxtaglomerular cell response and the response of the superficial granule cells deep to those glomerular layer cells. We found a positive correlation between the number of juxtaglomerular cells and the number of granule cells demonstrating Fos immunoreactivity in both control and trained pups, a relationship that changed with early olfactory training.     

VESICO-URETERIC REFLUX AND SURGICALLY TREATED PELVI-URETERIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION IN INFANTS UNDER THE AGE OF 12 MONTHS

Background : Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction has been increasingly diagnosed in infants, mostly as a consequence of antenatal ultrasound examinations. Methods : Of 55 infants below the age of 12 months who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty over a 7-year period, we aimed to determine the patterns and outcome of associated vesico-ureteric reflux that was present in 15 (28%) of the 53 infants in whom follow-up was available. Results : A total of eight infants had resolution of their reflux with conservative management and the median time to resolution was 15 months. Five infants proceeded to ureteroneocystotomy. Conclusions : Given the association of vesico-ureteric reflux and pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction, routine cystography is recommended when the diagnosis of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction is made.     

Isolation of hepatic drug metabolism inhibitors from the seeds ofMyristica fragrans

The hexane extract from Nutmeg, the seed ofMyristica fragrans significantly inhibited hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Through systematic fractionation by SiO₂ column and vacuum liquid chromatography monitoring by bioassay, three components, myristicin, (I), licarin-B(II) and dehydrodiisoeugenol(III) were isolated as active principles. Compounds II and III, with a single treatment (200 mg/kg, i.p.) showed not only a significant prolongation of hexobarbital-induced sleeping time but also a significant inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylase and hexobarbital hydroxylase activities in mice. Compounds I and II provoked a sleep episode at a subhypnotic dose of HB, suggesting that they posses CNS-depressant properties.     

EB病毒在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的预后价值：一项淮海淋巴瘤协作组的多中心回顾性研究

目的 基于倾向性评分逆处理概率加权(IPTW)法评估EB病毒(EBV)在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者中的预后价值。方法 收集2012年10月—2021年4月淮海淋巴瘤协作组中8家医疗机构初诊为结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤且具有全血EBV-DNA数据的468例患者的临床资料。采用IPTW法分析EBV载量对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者生存期的影响;采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析;绘制Kaplan-Meier曲线,组间比较采用Log rank χ²检验。结果 468例结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者中,EBV-DNA阳性266例,EBV-DNA阴性202例。EBV-DNA阳性组和阴性组患者的5年OS分别为62.5%和89.2%,两组比较,经Log rank χ²检验,差异有统计学意义(χ²=42.900,P=0.000)。IPTW前,两组的美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)活动状态(PS)评分(ECOG PS评分)、原发部位、CA分期、Ann Arbor分期、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、治疗方案比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IPT...     

Immunochemical characterization of cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for benzene oxidation in the rat liver

The contribution of cytochrome P-450 isozymes to benzene metabolismin liver microsomes from fed, fasted, pyrazole-, pbenobarbital(PB)- and ethanol-treated rats and in respective isocaloriccontrols was investigated using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).Clone 1-7-1 mAb did not inhibit benzene metabolism, whereasclone 2-66-3 inhibited only in PB-induced microsomes at a highconcentration of benzene (6.26 mM), and clone 1-91-3 mAb inhibitedbenzene metabolism in all cases. The degree of inhibition wasas follows: fed isocaloric control PB < fasted < pyrazole ethanol. The pattern of inhibition was similar with clone 1-91-3for low (0.23 mM) and high concentrations of benzene, exceptin PB-induced mkrosomes. Western blot analysis showed that clone1-7-1 mAb did not bind any liver mkrosomal protein in the regionof cytochrome P-450s, whereas with clone 2-66-3 a clear-cutband was seen only in liver microsomes from PB-treated rats,with clone 1-98-1, a band was detected in mkrosomes from alltreated groups, in the following order: PB = isocaloric control< fed < fasted < pyrazole < ethanol. These resultsindicate that (i) cytochromes P-450b,e and P-450J contributeto benzene metabolism in rat liver; (ii) the former has a lowaffinity to benzene and is induced by PB; and (iii) P-450J hasa high affinity to benzene and is induced by 1-day fasting,pyrazole and ethanol, but decreased by PB treatment.     

Macrophage activation and Fcgamma receptor-mediated signaling do not require expression of the SLP-76 and SLP-65 adaptors

The Src-homology 2 domain-containing, leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) is a hematopoietic adaptor that plays a central role during immunoreceptor-mediated activation of T lymphocytes and mast cells and collagen receptor-induced activation of platelets. Despite similar levels of expression in macrophages, SLP-76 is not required for Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G (IgG; FcgammaR)-mediated activation. We hypothesized that the related adaptor SLP-65, which is also expressed in macrophages, may compensate for the loss of SLP-76 during FcgammaR-mediated signaling and functional events. To address this hypothesis, we examined bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) from wild-type (WT) mice or mice lacking both of these adaptors. Contrary to our expectations, SLP-76(-/-) SLP-65(-/-) BMM demonstrated normal FcgammaR-mediated activation, including internalization of Ig-coated sheep red blood cells and production of reactive oxygen intermediates. FcgammaR-induced biochemical events were normal in SLP-76(-/-) SLP-65(-/-) BMM, including phosphorylation of phospholipase C and the extracellular signaling-regulated kinases 1 and 2. To determine whether macrophages functioned normally in vivo, we infected WT and SLP-76(-/-) SLP-65(-/-) mice with sublethal doses of Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a bacterium against which the initial host defense is provided by activated macrophages. WT and SLP-76(-/-) SLP-65(-/-) mice survived acute, low-dose infection and showed no difference in the number of liver or spleen LM colony-forming units, a measure of the total body burden of this organism. Taken together, these data suggest that neither SLP-76 nor SLP-65 is required during FcgammaR-dependent signaling and functional events in macrophages.     

Overexpression of S100A4 is closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer

Elevated levels of the calcium-binding protein S100A4 cause metastasis of benign rat mammary tumor cells. To investigate whether S100A4 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancers, we examined the gene mutations in the coding regions and expression patterns of the S100A4 in gastric adenocarcinoma in Korea. Moderate to strong expression of S100A4 was found in 53 (68.8%) of the 77 gastric adenocarcinomas, whilst normal gastric epithelium either failed to stain or showed weak staining. Interestingly, S100A4 expression was more frequently observed in gastric cancer patients with advanced gastric cancer (p=0.039), positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.001), and peritoneal dissemination (p=0.022). No gene mutations were found in the analyzed genomic area in 77 gastric adenocarcinomas and 15 gastric cancer cell lines. We found one single nucleotide polymorphism without an amino acid change, A99G, in two cases. These data suggest that the overexpression of S100A4 may be closely related to the aggressiveness of gastric cancer in Korea.     

Comparative analysis of NK/T-cell lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma in Korea: Clinicopathological correlations and analysis of EBV strain type and 30-bp deletion variant LMP1

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) and peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are prevalent in the Asian population and exhibit a high association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Moreover, differentiation of these two groups is often difficult and problematic. We investigated 35 cases of NKTL (22 nasal cases and 13 extranasal cases) and 30 cases of PTCL in terms of their clinical features, immunohistology, EBV positivity, EBV strain-type polymorphism and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) deletion variant distribution. Eighteen cases (82%) of nasal NKTL and seven (54%) of extranasal NKTL showed EBV positivity by EBV in situ hybridization. Fifteen cases (50%) of PTCL revealed EBV positivity. EBV strain type A was predominant in NKTL (18:5), and EBV strain types A and B were distributed evenly in PTCL (6:6). EBV-positive patients had significantly shorter survival than EBV-negative patients (P < 0.05), and EBV positivity correlated with advanced clinical stage (P < 0.05). Patients harboring type A EBV showed slightly poorer prognoses than those having type B, though it was not obviously statistically different (P = 0.07). The LMP1 deletion variant was prevalent in both NKTL (three wild-type LMP1, 15 deletion variants) and PTCL (three wild-type LMP1, eight deletion variants, two coexistent forms) patients, but did not have prognostic impact. Our results indicate that EBV acts as a negative prognostic factor in NKTL and PTCL, and that the intrinsic properties of a specific viral strain might influence the clinical behavior of these diseases.