全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2044篇 |
免费 | 123篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 80篇 |
儿科学 | 77篇 |
妇产科学 | 31篇 |
基础医学 | 150篇 |
口腔科学 | 52篇 |
临床医学 | 131篇 |
内科学 | 401篇 |
皮肤病学 | 59篇 |
神经病学 | 72篇 |
特种医学 | 160篇 |
外科学 | 470篇 |
综合类 | 87篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 92篇 |
眼科学 | 56篇 |
药学 | 95篇 |
中国医学 | 1篇 |
肿瘤学 | 165篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 13篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 69篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 50篇 |
2018年 | 73篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 33篇 |
2015年 | 49篇 |
2014年 | 53篇 |
2013年 | 81篇 |
2012年 | 118篇 |
2011年 | 110篇 |
2010年 | 84篇 |
2009年 | 75篇 |
2008年 | 91篇 |
2007年 | 92篇 |
2006年 | 109篇 |
2005年 | 99篇 |
2004年 | 124篇 |
2003年 | 85篇 |
2002年 | 63篇 |
2001年 | 57篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 37篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 21篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 31篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 14篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2180条查询结果,搜索用时 640 毫秒
41.
M elikta N Okur KS Aikimbaev F Binokay M Sert E Akgül 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2004,48(3):398-400
Pheochromocytomas of the bladder are rare neoplasms, constituting <0.06% of all vesical tumours. Common presenting features of this tumour include episodes of sweating, hypertension, haematuria and postmicturition syncope. We describe a case of bladder pheochromocytoma in a 66‐year‐old man whose only symptom of macroscopic haematuria was initially assessed with ultrasonography. Clinical presentation highlights the need for a high index of suspicion during sonographic evaluation of bladder neoplasms because such tumours might present without symptoms of adrenergic excess. 相似文献
42.
Lucien J Shimada M Watzka S Ogiwara M Brockhausen I Sandhu J Coles JG 《Xenotransplantation》2000,7(1):21-30
Abstract: Discordant xenotransplantation is complicated by delayed xenograft rejection (DXR). Previous studies have demonstrated that anti‐apoptotic genes are protective against DXR. This study examines the hypothesis that apoptosis plays a role in human anti‐xenograft responses. C57BL/6 mice and NOD SCID mice were given a single intravenous injection of either a lethal dose (LD, survival < 30 min) or a sublethal dose (SLD) of human serum, and isolated pig and mouse rod‐shaped cardiomyocytes were exposed to human serum in vitro. In situ detection of apoptotic cells in mouse hearts was assessed using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nicked‐end labeling assay. Mice transfused with human serum had approximately a 10‐fold increased percentage of apoptotic cells after SLD 18 h post‐injection compared with animals given saline, and a fourfold increase over LD. Administration of cobra venom factor (CVF) decomplemented SLD 18 h did not significantly ( P > 0.05) alter the percentage apoptosis. The addition of 20 mM Gal‐α‐1,3‐Gal to SLD 18 h significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced percentage apoptosis to levels comparable to saline treated control animals. In vitro using mouse and pig cardiomyocytes demonstrated parallel results as in vivo experiments.
Human serum induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in immunocompetent and immunoincompetent mice in vivo, as well as mouse and pig cardiomyocytes in vitro. Further, this apoptotic response can be inhibited by the addition of Gal‐α‐1,3‐Gal without affecting the capacity of the serum to cause HAR. These results demonstrate that a putative human serum factor induces a delayed apoptotic injury of xenograft tissues, and supports the hypothesis that apoptosis may be an important mediator of DXR. 相似文献
Human serum induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in immunocompetent and immunoincompetent mice in vivo, as well as mouse and pig cardiomyocytes in vitro. Further, this apoptotic response can be inhibited by the addition of Gal‐α‐1,3‐Gal without affecting the capacity of the serum to cause HAR. These results demonstrate that a putative human serum factor induces a delayed apoptotic injury of xenograft tissues, and supports the hypothesis that apoptosis may be an important mediator of DXR. 相似文献
43.
D Eccles P Lunt Y Wallis M Griffiths B Sandhu S McKay D Morton J Shea-Simonds F MacDonald 《Archives of disease in childhood》1997,77(5):431-435
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a dominantly inherited predisposition to the development of many hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps of the colon. The mean age of onset is around 15 years, symptoms may arise in the third decade, and the median age for the development of colonic cancer is 35-40 years. Prophylactic colectomy reduces the risk of death from colorectal cancer to such an extent that late sequelae such as upper gastrointestinal tumours have become the main cause of mortality in appropriately managed patients. The age at which colonic surveillance begins reflects the natural history of the disease. Onset of polyp formation and cancer in childhood is very unusual, but has recently been associated with a specific mutation at codon 1309 in exon 15 where a more severe phenotype is sometimes observed. The case histories of two families are reported in which there is childhood onset of polyps in the youngest generation and in one case a carcinoma, in whom mutations have been identified in exon 11 of the APC gene. Several other affected relatives were diagnosed at ages ranging from 5-48 years, some already with a cancer at the time of first screening. Since the aim of screening for colonic polyps is prevention of colonic cancer, family members at risk should be offered genetic assessment and direct mutation testing where this is possible, usually in the early teens. In the absence of a genetic test (the situation in about one third of families) or in a known gene carrier, annual colonoscopy examination is advised from the same age. Clinicians should take note of the family history and be prepared to consider much earlier intervention if symptoms occur in a child with a family history of FAP. Where childhood onset of polyps has occurred, other children at risk in the family must be offered earlier genetic testing and endoscopic surveillance.
相似文献
44.
Hydrogen peroxide inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication in glutathione sufficient but not glutathione deficient cells 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:7
Cell to cell communication via gap junctions is essential in the
maintenance of the homeostatic balance of multicellular organisms. Aberrant
intercellular gap junctional communication (GJIC) has been implicated in
tumor promotion, neuropathy and teratogenesis. Oxidative stress has also
been implicated in similar pathologies such as cancer. We report a
potential link between oxidative stress and GJIC. Hydrogen peroxide, a
known tumor promoter, inhibited GJIC in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells
with an I50 value of 200 microM. Inhibition of GJIC by H2O2 was reversible
as indicated by the complete recovery of GJIC with the removal of H2O2 via
a change of fresh media. Free radical scavengers, such as t-butyl alcohol,
propylgallate, and Trolox, did not prevent the inhibition of GJIC by H2O2,
which indicated that the effects of H2O2 on GJIC was probably not a
consequence of aqueous free radical damage. The depletion of intracellular
GSH reversed the inhibitory effect of H2O2 on GJIC. The treatment of
glutathione- sufficient cells with H2O2 resulted in the
hyperphosphorylation of connexin43, which is the basic subunit of the
hexameric gap junction protein, as determined by Western blot analysis.
TPA, a well-known tumor promoter, also inhibits GJIC via
hyperphosphorylation of GJIC, which is a result of protein kinase-C
activation. However, H2O2 also induced hyperphosphorylation in
GSH-deficient cells that had normal rates of GJIC. Therefore, the mechanism
of GJIC inhibition must be different from the TPA-pathway and involves GSH.
相似文献
45.
Han JY; Kim HK; Choi BG; Moon H; Hong YS; Lee KS 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》1998,28(12):749-753
BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) assessment has emerged to measure and
quantify the balance between treatment benefit and toxicity, and has a
value in predicting response and overall survival in cancer patients.
METHODS: From July 1995 to February 1997, 38 symptomatic patients with
advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with MIP
chemotherapy (mitomycin 6 mg/m2, ifosfamide 3000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 50
mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks). Patients were assessed for QOL including
physical well-being, general symptoms and lung cancer-specific symptoms, as
well as objective response. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 38.9%
(14/36, all were partial response) and the median duration of response was
3.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-4.0]. The median duration of
overall survival was 7 months (95% CI 5.9-8.5). The overall improvement of
QOL was 58.3% with 21 patients feeling better on treatment. The toxicity of
chemotherapy was mild, mainly nausea/vomiting and minimal alopecia. Using
multiple clinical predictors of survival (age, histology, stage,
performance status), only change of QOL emerged significantly (P = 0.0007).
CONCLUSIONS: MIP had an endurable response and low toxicity profile, and
provided good QOL. Integral QOL data in our study provided the strong
prediction of survival in advanced NSCLC. Further experienced QOL study
will provide greatly enhanced outcome data in clinical trials.
相似文献
46.
47.
48.
Surinder K. Singhal Ramandeep S. Virk Arjun Dass Bimaljit Singh Sandhu 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2006,58(3):300-302
Tracheoesophageal fistula is a life threatening condition. Patients not managed surgically ultimately die of their disease.
Surgical management is the treatment of choice. We present a case of a patient that developed a tracheoesophageal fistula
after tracheostomy. Surgical repair was done which failed due to infection. The patient was managed with the help of an esophageal
stent and Trichloroacetic Acid cautery. This approach can be used in selected patients, depending upon the size and site of
TEE Larger fistulae and those situated lower down e.g. supra carinal cannot be managed by this technique. 相似文献
49.
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion with osteoinductive growth factors 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Sandhu HS 《Clinical orthopaedics and related research》2000,(371):56-60
Anterior intervertebral fusion increasingly is used as a treatment for discogenic or intersegmental pathologic diseases of the lumbar spine. This is in part attributable to the evolution and refinement of laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical techniques that now can be used to access the anterior spinal column. It also is attributable to the availability of newer generation intervertebral fixation devices such as the threaded titanium cages or threaded allograft bone dowels, both of which are technically simpler to implant. Recently, limited clinical studies of intervertebral lumbar fusion have examined the use of these devices combined with osteoinductive growth factors as substitutes for autogenous bone graft. Early clinical results of lumbar fusion using threaded intervertebral implants filled with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 have been favorable. Higher fusion rates, shorter operative times, and shorter hospital stays have been reported in the initial series. Clinical trials involving larger cohorts with various spinal applications for osteoinductive molecules currently are in progress. 相似文献
50.