Predictors of natural mentoring relationships and students’ adjustment to college

Little research exists that examines natural mentoring relationships (NMRs) during the college transition. We examine the role of parental attachment and help-seeking behaviors in students’ development of new NMRs and the role NMRs have on students’ outcomes. Included in the study were 215 first-year students at a large, urban, private university. Participants completed surveys at the beginning (Time 1) and at the end (Time 2) of the school year. We used structural equation modeling to test a hypothesized model that included predictors (i.e., attachment to parents and help-seeking behaviors) of NMRs and social and academic adjustment in college. Findings show a path relationship connecting the attachment to parents to help-seeking behaviors, and then to the number of reported NMRs. Help-seeking behaviors mediated the association between attachment and NMRs. The number of NMRs is associated with higher social adjustment, but not academic adjustment by the end of students’ first year of college. Based on these results, we discuss the theoretical implications of newly formed NMRs and provide guidance for institutional interventions targeting first-year college students to assist with transition challenges.     

Association between maternal and child mental health among US Latinos: variation by nativity,ethnic subgroup,and time in the USA

Archives of Women's Mental Health - Few studies have examined the association between maternal and youth mental health among US Latinos, or its variation by nativity, country of origin, ethnic...     

Influence of thermal gradients on stress state of veneered restorations

Objectives

To assess transient and residual stresses within the porcelain of veneered restorations (zirconia and metal) as a result of cooling rate and porcelain thickness.

Methods

Porcelain-on-zirconia (PZ) and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns were fabricated with 1 or 2 mm of porcelain. Thermocouples were attached both internally and externally to the crowns to record transient temperatures. For fast cooling, the furnace was opened after the holding time and switched off. Slow cooling was accomplished by opening the furnace at 50 °C below the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the material. An axially symmetric FEA model simulated thermal stresses. Time-dependent temperature equations from thermocouple readings were set as boundary conditions. Framework materials and the porcelain below T_g were considered to behave elastically. Visco-elastic behavior was assumed for porcelain above the T_g modeling properties as dependent on cooling rate.

Results

Differences in residual stress were found for fast and slow cooled PZ and PFM crowns. Significant transient stress waves were observed within the porcelain when fast cooling through T_g. They are believed to be related to non-uniform volumetric changes originated from thermal gradients. Results were confirmed by modeling and physical testing of crowns containing a defect.

Significance

Residual stresses do not distinguish PZ from PFM. High magnitude transient stresses observed within the porcelain during fast cooling may explain clinical fractures involving internal defects. Stress waves may also originate internal micro-cracking which could grow under function. Therefore, slow cooling, especially for all-ceramic crowns with thick porcelain, is important to prevent thermal gradients and high-magnitude transient stresses.     

Prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y diagnóstico de sospecha de depresión en pacientes con EPOC

ObjetivoConocer la prevalencia y factores predictores de depresión en pacientes diagnosticados de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y remitidos desde Atención Primaria a consultas de Neumología, servicios que comparten la atención al proceso EPOC.DiseñoEstudio observacional, multicéntrico, prospectivo con muestreo no probabilístico, transversal.EmplazamientoDos consultas de neumología de dos hospitales de diferente nivel asistencial.ParticipantesSe diagnosticaron 293 pacientes de EPOC en fase estable de la enfermedad.IntervencionesAplicación de cuestionarios clínicos habituales en la EPOC y test HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).VariablesVariables demográficas, clínicas y funcionales de la EPOC y escala de depresión del test HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).ResultadosSe incluyeron 229 hombres (78,16%) y 64 mujeres (21,8%), con una edad media de 68,2 ± 10,3 años, de los que 93 (31,7%) eran fumadores activos y 200 (68,3%) exfumadores. El 19,45% de los pacientes tenía diagnóstico clínico previo de depresión, pero mediante el test HADS se estableció el diagnóstico de sospecha en el 32,6%. Las variables predictoras fueron: ser mujer, vivir solo y variables relacionadas con la gravedad de la enfermedad (volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 segundo [FEV1] postbroncodilatador, ser paciente de riesgo y fenotipo agudizador según criterios de la Guía Española de la EPOC [GesEPOC] y grados C y D de criterios Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD]).ConclusionesLa prevalencia de la depresión en pacientes con EPOC es alta y está infradiagnosticada. El test diagnóstico HADS es útil para establecer el diagnóstico de sospecha en las consultas de Atención Primaria y Neumología. Existen factores personales y clínicos que pueden considerar predictores y servir de orientación para determinar en qué pacientes realizar el test HADS y, en función de los resultados, derivar al paciente a una Unidad de Salud Mental para confirmar o descartar el diagnóstico.Palabras clave: EPOC, Depresión, HADS, Prevalencia, Factores de riesgo