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151.
Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gralnick HR; Rick ME; McKeown LP; Williams SB; Parker RI; Maisonneuve P; Jenneau C; Sultan Y 《Blood》1986,68(1):58-61
We studied 17 patients with moderate to mild type I von Willebrand's disease (vWd) and correlated the bleeding time with the plasma von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf Ag), the plasma vWf activity (ristocetin cofactor), the platelet vWf Ag, and the platelet vWf activity. We found an excellent correlation between the bleeding time and the platelet vWf activity and, to a lesser extent, between the bleeding time and the platelet vWf Ag. The length of the bleeding time was inversely proportional to the level of the platelet vWf (P less than .001) or, to a lesser extent, the platelet vWf Ag (P less than .05). The plasma vWf Ag and activity did not correlate significantly with the bleeding time. These studies indicate that the platelet vWf is one of the important bleeding time factors in type I vWd and that the platelet vWf plays an important role in the early steps of hemostasis. 相似文献
152.
Osmotic gradient ektacytometry: comprehensive characterization of red cell volume and surface maintenance 总被引:14,自引:7,他引:14
Whole cell deformability of red cells was measured as a continuous function of suspending medium osmolality using the ektacytometer, a laser-diffraction viscometer. Study of normal cells in which water content and membrane surface area had been selectively modified showed that this technique can detect changes in these properties with high sensitivity. The osmotic deformability profiles obtained from this assay provide information about cell water content, surface area, and the heterogeneity in these cellular properties, information that by conventional methods would require several different types of measurements. Application of this approach to a variety of pathologic blood samples showed that various hematologic disorders can be characterized by the shape of this profile and the position of specific features of the profile along the osmolality axis. Measurement of osmotic deformability profiles thus provides a convenient and comprehensive means of identifying abnormalities either in red cell water content or surface area. 相似文献
153.
Joshua P. Rivers Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley Amit K. Dey Justin A. Rodante Jonathan H. Chung Aditya A. Joshi Balaji Natarajan Aparna P. Sajja Abhishek Chaturvedi Anshuma Rana Charlotte L. Harrington Heather L. Teague Benjamin N. Lockshin Mark A. Ahlman Jianhua Yao Martin P. Playford Joel M. Gelfand Nehal N. Mehta 《JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging》2018,11(2):349-357
Objectives
The authors sought to examine the relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and vascular inflammation (VI) by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in psoriasis (PSO). Furthermore, we evaluated whether treatment of PSO modulated VAT and VI.Background
PSO, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, is associated with VI by 18F-FDG PET/CT and increased cardiometabolic risk including adipose tissue dysregulation. Recently, VI was associated with future cardiovascular events; however, the relationship of visceral and subcutaneous adiposity with VI in PSO has yet to be evaluated.Methods
Consecutive PSO patients (N = 77) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans to measure VI and abdominal adiposity. A subset of PSO patients with severe skin disease was scanned at 1 year following PSO treatment (N = 13).Results
The cohort was middle aged (51.8 ± 12.6 years), predominantly male (n = 44, 57%), had low cardiovascular risk by Framingham 10-year risk (median 4 years [interquartile range (IQR): 2 to 7 years]), and mild-to-moderate skin disease (5.2 [IQR: 3.0 to 8.5]). PSO disease severity associated with VAT (β = 0.33; p = 0.004) beyond SAT (β = 0.30; p = 0.005). VAT (β = 0.55; p < 0.001), but not SAT (β = 0.15; p = 0.11), associated with VI beyond cardiovascular risk factors. We followed a subset of severe PSO patients treated aggressively for PSO and observed improvement in PSO severity and VAT, which was associated with an improvement in VI at 1 year beyond cardiovascular risk factors (β = 0.53; p = 0.049).Conclusions
Volume-based CT measurement of VAT may capture metabolic risk associated with VI compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue in PSO. PSO treatment associated with a decrease in VAT as well as decrease in VI suggesting VAT as a relevant biomarker related to VI in PSO. 相似文献154.
155.
156.
Erik C Brockman Hülya Bay?r Brian Blasiole Steven L Shein Ericka L Fink CEdward Dixon Robert SB Clark Vincent A Vagni Li Ma Carleton JC Hsia Samuel A Tisherman Patrick M Kochanek 《Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism》2013,33(9):1457-1464
Polynitroxylated-pegylated hemoglobin (PNPH), a bovine hemoglobin decorated with nitroxide and polyethylene glycol moieties, showed neuroprotection vs. lactated Ringer''s (LR) in experimental traumatic brain injury plus hemorrhagic shock (TBI+HS). Hypothesis: Resuscitation with PNPH will reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) and brain edema and improve cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) vs. LR in experimental TBI+HS. C57/BL6 mice (n=20) underwent controlled cortical impact followed by severe HS to mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 25 to 27 mm Hg for 35 minutes. Mice (n=10/group) were then resuscitated with a 20 mL/kg bolus of 4% PNPH or LR followed by 10 mL/kg boluses targeting MAP>70 mm Hg for 90 minutes. Shed blood was then reinfused. Intracranial pressure was monitored. Mice were killed and %brain water (%BW) was measured (wet/dry weight). Mice resuscitated with PNPH vs. LR required less fluid (26.0±0.0 vs. 167.0±10.7 mL/kg, P<0.001) and had a higher MAP (79.4±0.40 vs. 59.7±0.83 mm Hg, P<0.001). The PNPH-treated mice required only 20 mL/kg while LR-resuscitated mice required multiple boluses. The PNPH-treated mice had a lower peak ICP (14.5±0.97 vs. 19.7±1.12 mm Hg, P=0.002), higher CPP during resuscitation (69.2±0.46 vs. 45.5±0.68 mm Hg, P<0.001), and lower %BW vs. LR (80.3±0.12 vs. 80.9±0.12%, P=0.003). After TBI+HS, resuscitation with PNPH lowers fluid requirements, improves ICP and CPP, and reduces brain edema vs. LR, supporting its development. 相似文献
157.
158.
Fructose absorption was studied by the breath hydrogen test in 114 healthy children aged 0.1-6 years, given either 2 g/kg or 1 g/kg of fructose. All 57 children given 2 g/kg had peak breath hydrogen excretions > or = 20 ppm. At 1 g/kg only 25/57 (44%) showed incomplete absorption and the percentage incompletely absorbing fructose and the peak breath hydrogen value were significantly higher in children aged 1-3 years. Interestingly, this age distribution correlates with that of toddler diarrhoea. 相似文献
159.
160.
Xiaopeng Zhang Yaming Chen Larry W Jenkins Patrick M Kochanek Robert SB Clark 《Critical care (London, England)》2004,9(1):1-10
Despite continuous advances in technologic and pharmacologic management, the mortality rate from septic shock remains high. Care of patients with sepsis includes measures to support the circulatory system and treat the underlying infection. There is a substantial body of knowledge indicating that fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and antibiotics accomplish these goals. Recent clinical trials have provided new information on the addition of individual adjuvant therapies. Consensus on how current therapies should be prescribed is lacking. We present the reasoning and preferences of a group of intensivists who met to discuss the management of an actual case. The focus is on management, with emphasis on the criteria by which treatment decisions are made. It is clear from the discussion that there are areas where there is agreement and areas where opinions diverge. This presentation is intended to show how experienced intensivists apply clinical science to their practice of critical care medicine. 相似文献