壮医针法术语英译的探讨

通过收集整理壮医药文献中的针法中文术语,在辩证结合中医药术语英译标准化研究成果的基础上探索适用的英译原则和方法,并将其应用到壮医针法的英译实践中,同时按其术语分类对相关英译及策略进行探讨分析,参考借鉴中医传统针法的术语英译,或在充分理解壮医针法内涵的基础上,根据术语结构特性灵活分别或结合采用直译、意译和音译。     

Mycobacterial pulmonary infection post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients are prone to pulmonary infections caused by a wide spectrum of organisms. Since the first bone marrow transplatation (BMT) done in 1983 at the Tata Memorial Hospital, we have recently seen the first case of Mycobacterium Fortuitum Chelonae complex among 117 BMT (including 90 allogeneic and 27 autologous) patients. The patient was on immunosuppressants for chronic GVHD post allogeneic BMT done for CML-CP. He developed pulmonary mycobacterial infection 13 months post BMT. Diagnosis was difficult because of the atypical presentation, negative culture reports, and the presence of multiple pathogens due to immunosuppression. In our case the diagnosis was eventually established after examination of material obtained by bronchoscopy. Patient has shown response to antituberculosis drugs after 2 months. This shows the need to consider atypical mycobacterial infection in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary illness in the post allogeneic BMT setting.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶在脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的:探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶(ｉＮＯＳ)在脑胶质瘤的中表达及意义。方法:检测４Ｏ例脑胶质瘤中ｉＮＯＳ蛋白,分析ｉＮＯＳ与胶质瘤恶性程度的相关关系。结果:①对照组无ｉＮＯＳ表达,胶质瘤组ｉＮＯＳ阳性表达率为６２．５%;②低恶性与高恶性度肿瘤ｉＮＯＳ表达不同;③胶质瘤恶性程度与ｉＮＯＳ染色深浅及阳性细胞数百分比之间呈正相关关系。结论:ｉＮＯＳ产生的ＮＯ参与了胶质瘤从低恶性度向高恶性转化的发展过程,对实体脑肿瘤的生长及侵袭有重要作用,是高级别肿瘤区别于低级别肿瘤的一个重要的病理学特点。     

Anesthesia protocol for ear surgery in Wistar rats (animal research)

ObjectiveTo formulate an anesthesia protocol for safe and satisfactory anesthesia for ear surgery in rats.MethodsThe rats were anesthetized with xylazine (10 mg/kg body weight) and ketamine at doses of 80, 50, 40, and 30 mg/kg body weight or with isoflurane anesthesia (2%–3.5% in 100% oxygen; maintenance dose 1.5%–3.5%). The anesthesia induction, surgery, and recovery time were recorded.ResultsIn total, 17 rats were induced by varying doses of ketamine‐xylazine and 28 rats with isoflurane. Mean induction time with ketamine‐xylazine was 6 ± 2.9 min compared with 3.8 ± 1.1 min with isoflurane. Mean recovery time with ketamine‐xylazine was 142.6 ± 49.3 min compared with 4.1 ± 1.2 min with isoflurane. A mortality of 4 animals after developing dyspnea was recorded with ketamine‐xylazine.ConclusionIsoflurane anesthesia offers appropriate induction and recovery times and low mortality rates for the surgeries performed. Isoflurane anesthesia offers reliable results for ear surgery in rats. However, more equipment and technical skills are needed.     

Treatment Results of Hodgkin's Disease in Indian Children

This is a retrospective study of Hodgkin's disease in children less than 15 years of age who were registered at Tata Memorial Hospital in India from January 1985 through December 1990. Clinicopathologic characteristics and response were evaluated in 147 patients and survival was calculated in 187. There were 126 boys and 21 girls (6:1). All patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy. The COPP schedule was given to 108 patients, COPP/ABVD to 33, and ABVD to 6. Ninety-three patients (63%) had stage 1 or II disease and 54 (37%) had stage III or IV disease. B symptoms were observed in 65 patients (56%) and bulky disease in 40 (27%). Histologically, the most common subtype was mixed cellularity, seen in 95 patients (65%). Complete response was observed in 136 (89%), partial response in 6 (4%), and there were 4 treatment-related deaths. Relapse has been observed in 11%. Seven-year actuarial survival was 73% and event-free survival was 64%. Median survival has not yet been reached, with a median follow-up of 36 months.     

Chronic pancreatitis: evolving paradigms.

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is characterized by progressive fibrosis, pain and/or loss of exocrine and endocrine functions. With the identification and characterization of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), the pathogenesis of CP and pancreatic fibrosis is now better understood. Molecular mediators shown to regulate the pathogenesis include transforming growth factor-beta, platelet-derived growth factor, and proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Besides these, the roles of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and apoptosis-related proteins have also been implicated in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, molecular pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Ras superfamily G proteins, serine threonine protein kinase Raf-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) have been elucidated. Newer pathobiologic concepts concerning pain generation have also been put forward. Understanding the pathogenesis has led to the identification of novel molecular targets and the development of newer potential therapeutic agents. Those found to retard the progression of experimental CP and fibrosis in animal models include antioxidants, a Japanese herbal medicine called Saiko-keisi-to (TJ 10), the PPAR-gamma ligand troglitazone, the protease inhibitor Camostat mesilate, and Lovastatin.