Complete genome sequence of a novel hypovirus infecting Phomopsis longicolla

The complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of a hypovirus from the isolate ME711 of Phomopsis longicolla was determined and compared to sequences of members of the family Hypoviridae. The genome of the hypovirus, tentatively named Phomopsis longicolla hypovirus 1 (PlHV1-ME711), was determined to be 9760 nucleotides long, excluding the 3’ poly (A) tail. The genome contains a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polyprotein designated as P307. Its genomic organization is typical of members of the proposed genus Betahypovirus (Yaegashi et al. in Virus Res 165:143–50, 2012).     

Nurses' knowledge of health literacy,communication techniques,and barriers to the implementation of health literacy programs: A cross‐sectional study

Nurses' health literacy knowledge and communication skills are essential for improving patients' health literacy. Yet, research on nurses' health literacy knowledge and perception is limited. The study aimed to evaluate nurses' health literacy knowledge, communication techniques, and barriers to the implementation of health literacy interventions. A cross‐sectional study was used, and a total of 1697 nurses in 104 community hospitals in Thailand completed self‐report measures. Approximately 55% of the participants had heard about the concept of health literacy; 9% had received formal training specific to interaction with patients with low health literacy. About 50% of the nurses were aware of their patients' low health literacy; therefore, they applied the recommended communication techniques for them. Delivery of effective health literacy training was hampered by a lack of assessment tools, health literacy training and specialists, educational materials, and health provider time. Hospital administrators, nurse managers, health leaders should develop strategies to create environments and resources supporting health literacy interventions.     

Race, insurance status, and tubal sterilization

OBJECTIVE: To examine the independent effects of race or ethnicity and insurance status on use of tubal sterilization rates. METHODS: This study used cross-sectional data collected by the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. The survey is designed to represent women and men aged 15-44 years in the household population of the United States. Our main outcome measure was tubal sterilization at any time before interview. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the effects of race or ethnicity and insurance status on rates of tubal sterilization after adjusting for important confounders. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 7,643 women: 66% were white, 15% were Hispanic, and 14% were African American; 68% had private insurance and 32% had public or no insurance. After adjusting for age, insurance status, parity, income, education, marital status, and religion, African-American women were more likely than white women to undergo tubal sterilization (adjusted odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.88). After adjusting for age, race or ethnicity, parity, income, education, marital status, and religion, women with public or no insurance were more likely to undergo sterilization compared with women with private insurance (adjusted odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.74). CONCLUSION: African-American women and women with no or public insurance were more likely to have undergone tubal sterilization compared with white women and women with private insurance, respectively. Additional research to identify factors that influence women's decision to undergo sterilization is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.