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排序方式: 共有565条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
IgG autoantibodies eluted from RBCs of antiglobulin positive normal blood donors contained at least two antibody populations, an IgG autoantibody (Ab 1), and an IgG population (Ab 2) that agglutinated RBCs coated with some Rh(D) alloantibodies. Eight of 24 autoantibody eluates tested agglutinated 3 of 10 anti-Rh(D) sensitized RBCs. The agglutinating activity was inhibited specifically by preincubation of the autoantibody eluate with the reactive anti-D. The reaction did not require the Fc domain of the anti-Rh(D), since autoantibody eluates agglutinated RBCs coated with F(ab')2 prepared from the reactive anti-D sera. These findings indicate that the RBCs of some antiglobulin- positive blood donors contain an immunoglobulin auto-antiidiotype (Ab 2) against the RBC autoantibody (Ab 1) which is demonstrable through its cross-reactivity with selected Rh(D) alloantibodies. Identification of auto-antiidiotypes in RBC autoimmunity lends support to the idiotype- antiidiotype network hypothesis of immune regulation and is consistent with the bizarre and complex serology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The absence of clinical hemolysis in antiglobulin-positive normal blood donors suggests that immunoglobulin idiotype-antiidiotype interactions may play a role in modulating the effects of RBC autoimmunity. 相似文献
22.
Hemostatic plug (HP) formation was investigated in the ear bleeding time incision in normal and von Willebrand pigs. HP volume was calculated by integrating the areas of serial sections. In normal pigs (n = 11), platelets immediately formed a layer on the surface of the cut channel. Platelet aggregates formed at the ends of transected vessels and gradually enlarged. Finally, all transected vessels were occluded by HP and bleeding stopped. In contrast, large HPs were formed in the incision in von Willebrand's disease (vWD) pigs (n = 4); these HPs did not cover the ends of the transected vessels, which continued to bleed, allowing the formation of large hemostatically ineffective platelet aggregates in the incision. Canals traversed these HPs, and bleeding from the open vessels may have continued through them. After infusion of cryoprecipitate into a vWD pig, the bleeding time shortened, and the morphological findings of the HPs were similar to those of normal pigs. In normal pigs (n = 3) infused with an anti- Willebrand factor monoclonal antibody, which prolonged the bleeding time, a large HP formed in the incision, similar to that observed in the vWD pig. The volume of the normal and vWD HPs increased with time. These in vivo findings suggest that Willebrand factor is involved in the localization of the HP to the damaged vessel and may also play a role in platelet-platelet interaction. A computerized morphometric technique was used for measuring the volume of the hemostatic plugs and the distance of sequential points on the perimeter of the HP from the center of selected bleeding vessels. 相似文献
23.
Corzo D; Yunis JJ; Salazar M; Lieberman JA; Howard A; Awdeh Z; Alper CA; Yunis EJ 《Blood》1995,86(10):3835-3840
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been associated with susceptibility to drug-induced adverse reactions. We previously found that clozapine-induced agranulocytosis (CA) is associated with the HLA-DRB1*0402, DRB4*0101, DQB1*0302, DQA1*0301 haplotype in Ashkenazi Jewish patients and with the HLA-DRB1*1601, DRB5*02, DQB1*0502, DQA1*0102 haplotype in non-Jewish patients. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the variants of the heat- shock protein 70 (HSP-70) encoded by the HSP-70 loci located within the MHC region and known to be involved in apoptosis and regulation of cell proliferation could play an important role in molecular mechanisms of CA. First, we analyzed HSP70-2 polymorphism in risk-associated haplotypes from HLA homozygous cells and normal individuals and confirmed that the HSP70-2 9-kb variant was associated invariably with DR4 (HLA-DRB1*0402, DQB1*0302) and DR2 (HLA-DRB1*01601, DQB1*0502, DQA1*0102 and HLA-DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602) haplotypes, which were the haplotypes found increased in Jewish and non-Jewish patients with CA, respectively. The 9.0-kb variant was also found to be associated with HLA-B44, DRB1*0401 and HLA-B44, DRB1*07 haplotypes. Second, in patients with CA (12 Ashkenazi Jewish and 20 non-Jewish patients), HSP70-1 A and HSP70-2 9.0-kb variants were associated with the MHC haplotypes found by us to be markers of susceptibility to CA. The clozapine-treated control group had an excess number of HSP70-1 C and HSP70-2 8.5-kb variants, consistent with genetic resistance to CA associated with those variants. This finding supports our hypothesis that a dominant gene within the MHC region (marked by HSP70-1 and HSP70-2), but not necessarily HLA, is associated with CA in two different ethnic groups. 相似文献
24.
A five-drug remission induction regimen with intensive consolidation for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: cancer and leukemia group B study 8811 总被引:23,自引:13,他引:23
Larson RA; Dodge RK; Burns CP; Lee EJ; Stone RM; Schulman P; Duggan D; Davey FR; Sobol RE; Frankel SR 《Blood》1995,85(8):2025-2037
The goal of this phase II multicenter clinical trial was to evaluate a new intensive chemotherapy program for adults with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to examine prospectively the impact of clinical and biologic characteristics on the outcome. One hundred ninety-seven eligible and evaluable patients (16 to 80 years of age; median, 32 years of age) received cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase; 167 patients (85%) achieved a complete remission (CR), 13 (7%) had refractory disease, and 17 (9%) died during induction. A higher CR rate was observed in younger patients (94% for those < 30 years old, 85% for those 30 to 59 years old, and 39% for those > or = 60 years old, P < .001) and in those who had a mediastinal mass (100%) or blasts with a T-cell immunophenotype. Eighty percent of B-lineage and 97% of T-cell ALL patients achieved a CR (P = .01). The coexpression of myeloid antigens did not affect the response rate or duration. Seventy percent of those with cytogenetic or molecular evidence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and 84% of those without such evidence achieved a CR (P = .11). Patients in remission received multiagent consolidation treatment, central nervous system prophylaxis, late intensification, and maintenance chemotherapy for a total of 24 months. After a median follow-up time of 43 months, the median survival for all 197 patients is 36 months; the median remission duration for the 167 CR patients is 29 months. Favorable pretreatment characteristics relative to remission duration or survival are younger age, the presence of a mediastinal mass or lymphadenopathy, a white blood cell count (WBC) less than 30,000/microL, L1 morphology, T or TMy immunophenotype, and the absence of the Ph chromosome. The estimates of the proportion surviving at 3 years are 69% for patients less than 30 years old, 39% for those 30 to 59 years old, 89% for those who had a mediastinal mass, 59% with WBC less than 30,000/microL, 63% with L1 morphology, 69% for T or TMy antigen expression, and 62% for those who lack the Ph chromosome. Fifteen patients (8%) had no unfavorable prognostic factors and have an estimated probability of survival at 5 years of 100% (95% confidence interval, 77% to 100%). This intensive chemotherapy regimen produces a high remission rate and a high proportion of durable remissions in adults with ALL. 相似文献
25.
High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin in alloimmunized platelet transfusion recipients 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin (polyvalent immunoglobulin G) has been shown to be of benefit in some patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), possibly by producing reticuloendothelial system blockade. We studied this approach in patients refractory to random donor platelet transfusion using an IV IgG preparation manufactured by the Swiss Red Cross. Eleven adult patients with acute leukemia received either 0.4 g IgG/kg/d intravenously X five days (four patients) or 0.6 g/kg/d X five days (seven patients). All patients had high levels of lymphocytotoxic antibody and poor responses to random donor platelets. Except for mild headaches in two patients, there were no side effects related to the IgG infusions. All patients had significant elevations of serum IgG on the day after completion of treatment. Either random donor or partially HLA-matched platelet transfusions were administered the day after and, in some cases, during the IgG therapy. No patient had an improvement in one hour posttransfusion platelet count increments. Two additional patients received pooled platelet concentrates incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C with IgG at a final concentration of 3 g% prior to transfusions. These results indicate that high-dose IgG, an extremely expensive treatment, cannot be recommended for alloimmunized adults with leukemia. 相似文献
26.
High incidence of monoclonal proteins in the serum and urine of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is generally considered a nonsecretory B cell immunoproliferative disorder. Conventional electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic methods have revealed serum monoclonal proteins in less than 10% of these patients. However, there is increasing experimental evidence from in vitro studies demonstrating that CLL cells may secrete immunoglobulins, particularly free light chains. We examined the serum and urine of 36 consecutive CLL patients for monoclonal proteins using sensitive immunochemical methods (high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis combined with immunofixation). The results obtained were correlated with the Rai stage, quantitative immunoglobulin levels, and lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulin phenotype of the leukemic cells. Twenty-three monoclonal proteins were identified in the serum or urine of 22 patients, an incidence of 61%. Six patients had serum monoclonal proteins, seven had only urinary monoclonal proteins, and nine had monoclonal proteins in serum and urine. In every instance the monoclonal protein was the same light chain type as expressed on the leukemic cells. Our findings suggest that the monoclonal proteins observed in the serum or urine of CLL patients are secretory products of the tumor cells and that their discovery is a function of the sensitivity of the method used for their detection. 相似文献
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30.
EJ Horn S Domm HI Katz M Lebwohl U Mrowietz K Kragballe for the International Psoriasis Council 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2010,24(2):119-124
Corticosteroids are a mainstay of topical therapy for psoriasis. While efficacious and relatively safe when used carefully, the potential for side effects, notably skin atrophy and adrenal suppression, have been associated with excesses in potency, prolonged or widespread use. The International Psoriasis Council Working Group on Topical Therapy has reviewed the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids and recommends strategies for safe, long‐term use of these agents. 相似文献