Severe postpartum disruption of the pelvic ring: report of two cases and review of the literature

Background

Intra-articular hardware penetration can occur during osteosynthesis of ankle fractures, jeopardizing patients' outcomes. The intraoperative recognition of misplaced screws may be difficult due to the challenge of adequate interpretation of specific radiographic views. The present study was designed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of standardized radiographic ankle views to determine the accuracy of diagnosis for intra-articular hardware placement of medial malleolar screws in a cadaveric model.

Methods

Nine preserved human cadaveric lower extremity specimens were used. Under direct visualization, two 4.0 mm cancellous screws were inserted into the medial malleolus. Each specimen was analyzed radiographically using antero-posterior (AP) and mortise views. The X-rays were randomly uploaded on a CD-ROM and included in a survey submitted to ten selected orthopaedic surgeons. The "Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy" (STARD) questionnaire was used to determine the surgeons' perception of accuracy of screw placement in the medial malleolus. The selection of items was based on evidence whenever possible, therefore the "inconclusive" category was added. Inter and intraobserver variations were analyzed by kappa statistics to measure the amount of agreement.

Results

There was a poor level of agreement (kappa 0.4) both in the AP and in the mortise view among all the examiners. Associating the two x-rays, the agreement remained poor (kappa 0.4). In the cases in which there was a diagnosis of articular penetration, there was a poor agreement related to which of the screws was intra-articular. The number of "inconclusive" responses was low and constant, without a statistically significant difference between the subspecialists

Conclusion

The routine intraoperative radiographic imaging of the ankle is difficult to interpret and unreliable for detection of intra-articular hardware penetration. We therefore recommend to reposition medial malleolar screws intraoperatively if there is any doubt regarding inadequate screw placement.     

Expression of CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells and IgA1-positive cells in tonsillar tissues of IgA nephropathy patients

The hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the mesangial deposits of polymeric IgA. However, the source of IgA1 and the mechanism of deposition of IgA1 in the mesangium remain unknown. To better understand its pathogenesis, we investigated the expression of CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells and IgA1-positive cells in the tonsils of IgAN patients. Immunofluorescence was used to visualize the locations of CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells and IgA1-positive cells in the tonsils. In this study, it was demonstrated that CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells are usually found in germinal centers and in the capsule covering the upper parts of the nodules of lymphoid tissue (cap of the nodule). The expression of IgA1-positive cells in tonsil tissue can be seen in the cap of the nodule and subepithelial tissue. There is a significant relationship between IgA1 and CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells. The level of CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells is positively correlated to the severity of renal pathological changes. These findings suggest that CD19(+)CD5(+)B cells in the tonsils could have an impact on the pathogenesis of IgAN.     

PET/CT在胰头肿块型良恶性病变的鉴别诊断和在术前评估胰腺癌切除的可行性

目的 1、探讨PET/CT在胰腺癌与肿块型胰腺良病史鉴别诊断方面的价值。2、PET/CT对胰腺癌可行性切除评估中的价值。3、PET/CT在发现淋巴结转移,神经束膜侵犯和远处转移方面的价值。方法本文对37例经B超、CT、内镜等检查发现胰头占位但未能明确肿块性质的患者进行PET/CT扫描。收集病灶的大小、部位,局部和远处淋巴结转移状况,神经束膜侵犯情况,病变与邻近组织器官的解剖学关系以及是否出现远处转移病灶等情况;测量肿瘤大小及面积,病灶的18FSG早期最大标准化摄取值（SUVmax）。结果 24例术前考虑胰腺癌患者早期SUVmax平均值为6.38±3.84;肿瘤的大小平均3.40cm×2.64cm,假阳性4例;慢性胰腺炎7例早期SUVmax平均值为3.30±2.27;肿瘤的大小平均3.7cm×2.5cm。2例壶腹部癌患者SUVmax分别是5.4和4.2,肿瘤大小分别是：4.2cm×3.8cm和2.7cm×1.9cm;2例胰腺粘液性囊腺瘤,SUVmax分别是：0.6和0.8,肿瘤大小分别是：3.8cm×2.5cm和5.4cm×2.7cm。1例胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤,SUVmax值为6.9,肿瘤大小为6.6×4.7cm。1例十二指肠乳头癌,其SUVmax为6.9,肿瘤大小1.7cm×1.4cm。以早期SUVmax等于3.0作为胰腺良恶性病变的鉴别阈值,PET/CT诊断胰腺癌敏感度、特异性和准确性分别为87.1%（27/31例）、83.3%（5/6例）、86.5%（32/37）。PET/CT发现5例胰腺癌存在远处转移而无法施行手术治疗。结论 PET/CT显像诊断胰腺癌灵敏度、特异性以及准确性较高,在胰头癌和肿块型慢性胰腺炎的鉴别诊断中具有显著意义,并在术前胰腺癌可切除性评估起到指导性意义。     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建后内侧和外侧半月板同期移植术

目的 探讨全关节镜下前交叉韧带重建后内侧和外侧半月板同期移植的微创手术技术.方法 2008年8月对1例实施膝关节双束双通道前交叉韧带重建、内侧和外侧半月板切除的患者,在关节镜下实施内侧和外侧半月板同期移植微创手术.内侧半月板移植采用前后角骨栓固定方法,外侧半月板移植采用前后角骨桥固定方法.术后结果采用VAS疼痛评分、Cysholm评分和国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)分级评价.关节稳定性检查包括Lachman试验、抽屉试验和轴移试验.结果 术后随访26个月,患者膝关节屈曲、伸直和负重行走功能正常.VAS膝关节疼痛评分较术前降低2分,Lysholm评分较术前升高20分.IKDC分级由术前C级上升到B级.膝关节稳定性检查基本正常.术后1年MRI检查显示,重建前交叉韧带连续性完整,内侧和外侧移植异体半月板外形均较好,内侧半月板后角和外侧半月板前角有轻微萎缩.术后18个月关节镜复检观察到,外侧和内侧移植半月板均愈合良好,形态完整,但前角表面均有轻度磨损现象.结论 对膝前交叉韧带损伤和内、外侧半月板切除的患者,在前交叉韧带重建术后同期实施内侧和外侧半月板移植术可以尽量恢复膝关节的稳定性和力学平衡,对年轻患者是可供选择的治疗方式.术中建议采用同一供体的内侧和外侧异体半月板,制作各骨道时须注意其方向以避免骨道相互交通.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the minimal invasive arthroscopic surgery technique and clinical results of both the medial and lateral meniscal transplantation following the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with double bundles and bone tunnels.Methods In August 2008 a minimal invasive surgery of both the medial and lateral meniscal allograft transplantation following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was preformed for 1 case with both the medial and lateral menicectomy by arthroscopic surgery.The method of two bone plugs attached on tibial plateau was employed for medial meniscal allograft transplantation and the technique the bridge in slot for lateral meniscal allograft transplantation.The VAS,Lysholm score and IKDC rating were recorded before and after operation.The stability of knee was assessed by Lachman test,drawer sign and pivot shift test.Results The patient was followed up 26 month after the operations.The degrees of knee flexion,extension and function of walk were normal.The Lachman test,drawer sign and pivot shift test were nearly normal.The VAS after operation was 2 points lower than that before operation.The Lysholm score post-operation was 20 points higher than pre-operation.The IKDC became B degree in late following-up from C degree before the operation.MRI revealed anterior cruciate ligament graft was continuous and the meniscal allograft was normal shape on year 1 after the operation.The posterior horn of medial meniscal allograft and anterior corner of lateral meniscal allograft showed slightly shrunk.The second-look arthroscopy showed that the healing occurring between meniscal allograft and the capsule and meniscal allograft was normal shape on month 18 after the operation.The anterior horn of medial and lateral meniscus was slightly worn.Conclusions Both the medial and lateral meniscal transplantation following the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in appropriately selected patients with the medial and lateral meniscus-deficient knee may recover the knee mechanic balance and stability,which is a option of treatment for that young and activity patients.It is proposed that the medial and lateral meniscal grafts harvested from a single donator.Attention should be paid to the direction of the bone tunnels fixing the horns of the meniscus in order to avoid communication with the tunnels of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.     

Does the complication rate and treatment effect of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty differ in countries or specialties of operators?

Purpose

Vertebral compression fracture results in back pain, kyphotic deformity, loss of vertebral height, and restriction in daily activity. Conservative treatment, including analgesics, bed rest, and bracing, did not show up for good clinical control. Recently, minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty, could become popular because of quick relief of pain. The goal of this review is to find out whether the complication rates and treatment effects differ in countries or specialties of operators.

Materials and Methods

Detailed searches of electronic databases (i.e. Pubmed, Cochrane library) were performed from 1987 to April 2007. Outcome measures of efficacy included visual analog scale decrease, change in kyphotic angle, restoration of vertebral height, and improvement of functional capacity. Outcome measures of safety were cement leakage, new vertebral compression fracture, and complications.

Results

There is a trend of increasing publications regarding these two procedures, especially in vertebroplasty. We found a higher level of cement leakage rate in vertebroplasty than in kyphoplasty. We also found that reduction in kyphotic angle was better in kyphoplasty than in vertebroplasty. These results were compatible with other literatures. Cement leakage rates were lower in neurosurgery department (20.6%) and orthopedic department (24.7%) than radiology department (52.9%).

Conclusions

The procedure operated by orthopedic surgeons and neurosurgeons tend to have lower cement leakage rate. One possible reason was that the neurosurgeons and the orthopedic surgeons are more familiar with the anatomical information needed for the procedure. Another possible explanation was that the radiologists might have more sufficient data to report the complications than the clinicians.     

108例老年人胃癌临床病理特点及生存分析

目的 探讨老年人胃癌的临床病理特点及总体生存情况,为早期诊断及治疗提供基础。方法 将我院2005年6月至2010年12月住院期间经术后病理证实的有完整资料的胃癌病人245例分为老年组（年龄≥60岁）和中青年对照组（年龄<60岁）,其中老年组108例,中青年对照组137例,并对二者的临床特点、病灶部位、病理类型、临床分期及生存情况进行回顾性分析。 结果 108例老年胃癌患者男性比例高于女性（χ2=5.56,,P=0.018）,临床症状以腹胀,腹痛多见;病变部位以胃窦为主,胃底贲门癌的比例高于对照组（χ2=6.50,P= 0.011）;病理组织学类型以低分化腺癌为主,高中分化腺癌比例明显高于对照组（ (χ2=14.17,P=0.000）;临床分期以III期,IV期占多数;老年组总体中位生存期27个月,总体生存率低于中青年组（χ2=9.35,,P=0.002）,两组中均行根治性切除术者的总体生存率相比老年组低于中青年组（χ2=3.98,P=0.046）,但老年组中行根治性切除术者与未行根治性切除术者生存率相比前者高于后者（χ2=8.24,P=0.004）,老年组根治性切除术后总体1年,3年,5年生存率分别为76%,50%,41%。 结论 老年人胃癌以男性居多,临床症状不典型,起病隐匿,进展相对缓慢,病变部位中胃底贲门癌比例相对较高,病理组织学分化相对较好,总体生存率低,尽早行根治性切除治疗有助于提高生存率,改善预后。     

Cystic lymphatic malformation of bladder presenting as a pelvic mass

We report a 5-year-old boy with a cystic lymphatic malformation (LM) of bladder, and the imaging characteristics of the lesion are reported. Cystic LM of the urinary system is rare, and a location in the bladder is extremely rare. The exact mechanism of the lesion that occurs in bladder is unknown. This case is different from the 3 cases reported before, for it is only presented with a palpable pelvic mass and the lesion did not penetrate full thickness of bladder. Although imaging examinations are helpful in the definition of cystic LMs, no characteristic findings are available to diagnose a cystic LM of the bladder before surgery. The diagnosis is always made after surgical intervention. Surgical excision is ideal, and an extensive operation is not warranted because the lesion is benign. Once excised completely, the prognosis of the disease is good.     

Optimum initial dose of silodosin for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia

We investigated the optimum initial dose and timing of administration of α1A-adrenoceptor antagonist silodosin for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH/LUTS). Ninety-eight patients were given a 4 mg dose after breakfast (group A), 4 mg after supper (group B), or 4 mg after breakfast and after supper (group C). At baseline, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment, we assessed International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) index. Twenty-five percent or less improvement of total IPSS and no improvement of QOL index compared with baseline were defined as treatment failure at each evaluation point. Otherwise treatment was considered effective. In group A and group B, patients with treatment failure at 4 or 8 weeks after treatment, the dose of silodosin was increased to 8 mg daily. At the end of the study, 83 patients were evaluable. At 12 weeks after treatment, 20 of the 31 patients in group A and 22 of the 29 patients in group B remained on the 4 mg dose ; silodosin was effective in 65 and 76% of the patients, respectively. When patients with dose escalation were included, silodosin was effective in 81 and 90% of the patients, respectively. Silodosin was effective in 18 of the 23(78%) patients in group C, although improvement of total IPSS and voiding symptom score of IPSS at 12 weeks after treatment was better in group C than in group A or group B, the difference was not significant. In patients with IPSS less than 20, the degree of improvement of IPSS was similar among the 3 groups. In contrast, in patients with IPSS of 20 or greater the degree of improvement was better in group C than in group B or group C, but the difference was not significant. Storage symptom score of IPSS was significantly improved in all 3 groups without any significant difference among the 3 groups. Three patients (52, 59 and 76 years old) experienced abnormal ejaculation. In conclusion, 4 mg of silodosin daily showed effectiveness against BPH/LUTS, but 8 mg of silodosin daily might be better for patients with severe LUTS.     

Do multiple renal arteries in the remnant kidney have a negative influence on kidney donors after kidney donation?

Aim: To investigate whether the presence of multiple renal arteries in the remnant kidney has implications for lower renal function or increased incidence of hypertension. Methods: We reviewed the intraoperative and follow‐up data of 101 live kidney donors who underwent nephrectomies at our institution. Sixty‐nine donors (68.3%) had single artery in the remnant kidney (Group A), while 32 donors (31.7%) had multiple renal arteries in the remnant kidney (Group B). We compared the demographic and intraoperative data between the two groups. The follow‐up data of donors in each group were divided into three subgroups based on the length of the follow‐up period (12–24 months, 24–48 months and ≥48 months). Subgroups were created based on blood pressure and serum creatinine level. The δblood pressure (follow‐up blood pressure minus preoperative blood pressure) and δserum creatinine (follow‐up serum creatinine minus preoperative serum creatinine) in each subgroup in Group A were compared with the counterparts in Group B. Results: Renal arterial stenosis and calcification of renal arterial wall were not observed in all donors. There were no significant differences in the intraoperative characteristics (e.g. age, body mass index, operative duration and estimated blood loss) between the two groups. In addition, the blood pressure and serum creatinine level among subgroups within each group were similar. Furthermore, significant differences in δblood pressure and δserum creatinine were not observed between subgroups within the same follow‐up period. Recipient survival rate and serum creatinine level were similar and acceptable in both groups. Conclusions: The presence of multiple renal arteries in the remnant kidney does not have additional negative influence on kidney donors after kidney donation.