儿童接种肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗的成本效益和效果分析

采用建德市肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗效果考核现场资料,计算５～９岁和１０～１４岁各年龄组的效益费用比（ＢＣＲ）和效果费用比（ＣＥＲ）。结果各年龄组ＢＣＲ和ＣＥＲ均小于１或大于０;５～９岁年龄组儿童接种疫苗后的ＣＥＲ和预防一个病人的费用是１０～１４岁年龄组的一倍左右。结论：可在高发区１０～１４岁儿童中开展ＨＦＲＳ疫苗预防接种。     

促皮质素对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素的影响

目的：研究促皮质素（Ｃｏｒ）对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素及其合成的影响,方法：采用免疫组织化学,免疫组织化学双重染色法和原位杂交技术。结果：足底注射甲醛使大鼠脊髓背角内ＦＬＩ,ＳｏｍＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ神经元数均对较对照组显著增多,单独ｉｐＣｏｒ对脊髓背角ＦＬＩ和Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ无明显影响。但是,ｉｐＣｏｒ显著抑制甲醛引起的背角内ＦＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰ     

跌打丸的质量标准探讨

目的: 研究跌打丸的质量标准.方法: 建立了三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮的薄层色谱鉴别和丹皮酚紫外分光光度含量测定法.结果: 定性方法能检出三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮.丹皮酚含量测定的平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=1.1%.结论: 该方法适用于跌打丸的质量控制.     

四川省凉山地区静脉吸毒人群药物滥用及其行为特征调查

目的:了解四川省凉山地区静脉吸毒人群药物滥用及行为特征情况,为采取有针对性的戒毒干预措施预防艾滋病病毒的传播提供数据.方法:以社区为基础招募了379名静脉吸毒人员,调查其人口学特征,艾滋病病毒感染情况,药物滥用的种类、吸毒方式和频率,口吸和静脉吸毒时间,共用注射器具情况等.结果:静脉吸毒人群艾滋病病毒感染率为11.3%(43/379).379名被调查者全部为海洛因滥用者,其中247人(65.2%)单独使用过海洛因,297人(78.4%)混合注射过海洛因与安定,滥用过的其他药物有安定(8.2%)和鸦片(1.3%).300人(79.2%)每天静脉注射吸毒一次及以上;曾经共用注射器具静脉吸毒的为247人(65.2%),87人(35.2%)首次静脉注射吸毒即与他人共用注射器具;初次口吸吸毒和静脉注射吸毒的平均年龄分别为22.37岁和25.35岁,口吸吸毒和静脉注射吸毒的平均时间分别为6.41年和3.42年.结论:加强青少年、吸毒人员关于毒品危害和拒绝毒品的健康教育活动,以及开展美沙酮或丁丙诺啡口服治疗海洛因依赖者,降低静脉注射吸毒行为,控制艾滋病病毒的传播.     

中药脑肺康对地鼠实验性肺气肿及肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的 观察中药肺康对缺氧性肺动脉高压和肺气肿的防治效果并探讨其作用机制。方法 以弹性蛋白酶溶液滴注入金黄地鼠气管内,正常饲养３０ｄ后,常压下缺氧１５ｄ,分别设立中药脑肺康预防组、治疗组、肺气肿＋缺氧组及正常对照组。于处死动物前,测量平均肺动脉压,取静脉血进行循环内皮细胞计数;处死后测量右心肥大指数,光镜下计数左侧肺支气管肺泡灌洗液内细胞总数,对右侧肺进行光镜图像分析。结果 中药脑肺康预防组和治疗３     

Early infant feeding and growth status of US-born infants and children aged 4-71 mo: analyses from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over what growth references to use in evaluating breast-fed infants and concern about whether never-breast-fed infants are at risk of overweight in childhood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether infants who are exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo differ in average size from infants who are fed in other ways and whether such differences persist through age 5 y. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were linked to birth certificates of US-born infants and children. Feeding groups were defined on the basis of feeding patterns over the first 4 mo of life: exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, partially breast-fed, breast-fed for <4 mo, and never breast-fed. Growth status, indexed as internally derived z scores (SD units) for weight, length (height), weight-for-length (height), midupper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness, was compared among feeding groups. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 5594 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American infants and children aged 4-71 mo. Of these, 21% were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, 10% were partially breast-fed, 24% were breast-fed for <4 mo, and 45% were never breast-fed. At 8-11 mo, infants who were exclusively breast-fed for4 mo had adjusted mean z scores for weight (-0.21; -0.2 kg), weight-for-length (-0.27), and midupper arm circumference (-0.15) that differed significantly from zero (P < 0. 05). By 12-23 mo, the differences had dissipated; there were no significant differences subsequent to 5 y. Triceps skinfold thickness was not related to early infant feeding. CONCLUSION: Infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo weighed less at 8-11 mo than did infants who were fed in other ways, but there were few other significant differences in growth status through age 5 y associated with early infant feeding.     

γ—干扰素对喉癌细胞株HEP—2增殖活性的影响

用单克隆抗体Ｋｉ－６７（抗ＰＣＮＡ），以链霉菌素－生物素技术（ＬＳＡＢ）检测喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达。人重组γ－干扰素（ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ）抑制ＰＣＮＡ表达（即抗增殖活性）强弱与其剂量有关；雌激素对ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ抗增殖作用无影响。提示：ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ对喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２有抗增殖作用，因而在喉癌的治疗中具有应用价值的。     

X-radiation induces 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in vivo in rat mammary gland DNA

Ionizing radiation is a carcinogen that induces oxidative DNA damage. 8- Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a relatively abundant, mutagenic lesion that is widely regarded as a reliable index of oxidative DNA damage. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of X- radiation on levels of 8-OHdG in the context of an experimental model for breast cancer in which chronic radiation exposure has been shown to be carcinogenic in Sprague-Dawley rats. A secondary objective of this study was to determine if the use of phenol during DNA isolation affected the concentration of 8-OHdG subsequently measured. Our results indicate that a profoundly carcinogenic dose of radiation induced a small but significant increase in 8-OHdG concentration in mammary gland DNA, and that the use of a phenol-based versus a salt-based method of DNA isolation had no significant impact on the levels of 8-OHdG detected in either control or irradiated tissue.      

Effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture on the development of intestinal neoplasia in the ApcMin mouse

The variation in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence worldwide strongly suggests a role for dietary influences. Based on epidemiological data, protective effects of vegetables and fruit intake on CRC are widely claimed, while other data indicate a possible increased CRC risk from (higher) dietary fat intake. Therefore, we have investigated single and interactive effects of dietary fat and a vegetable-fruit mixture (VFM) in the ApcMin mouse, a mouse model for multiple intestinal neoplasia. In this study, four different diets (A-D) were compared, which were either low in fat (20% energy diets A/B) or high in fat (40% energy diets C/D). In addition, 19.5% (wt/wt) of the carbohydrates in diets B and D were replaced by a freeze-dried VFM. The diets were balanced so that they only differed among each other in fat/carbohydrate content and the presence of specific plant-constituents. Because the initiation of intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice occurs relatively early in life, exposure to the diets was started in utero. Without the addition of VFM, mice maintained at a high-fat diet did not develop significantly higher numbers of small or large intestinal adenomas than mice maintained at a low-fat diet. VFM added to a low-fat diet significantly lowered multiplicity of small intestinal polyps (from 16.2 to 10.2/mouse, 15 animals/group), but not of colon tumors in male ApcMin mice only. Strikingly, addition of VFM to female mice maintained on a low-fat diet and to both sexes maintained on a high-fat diet significantly enhanced intestinal polyp multiplicity (from 16.5 to 26.7 polyps/mouse). In conclusion, our results indicate that neither a lower fat intake nor consumption of VFM included in a high-fat diet decreases the development of polyps in mice genetically predisposed to intestinal tumor development.