An outline of spreading of Western mediciine into Yantai in modern age

At the turn of the last century, side by side with the infiltration of religious culture from Western countries, western medicine spread into Yantai. The religious force, headed by American Presbyterian Mission, carried out charitable activities in the process of preaching and laid down the foundation for western medicine rooted in Yantai by establishing schools, education and training followers. They cultivated local physicians by first setting up clinics which had later transformed into hospitals. These are their major measures for building bases for spreading Christianity by foreigners. The Temple Hill Hospital set up by the American physician Oscar F. Hills in Yantai was a successful example of mutual promotion of missionary and medical activities which pushed forward the spreading and development of western medicine in Yantai.     

T管造影合并胰管显影的临床意义

本文通过对１７年间行“Ｔ”管造影的１６８７例患者的系统性回顾分析,发现有２７６例患者胰管同时显影,其中６９例具有胰腺炎病史,达２５％,而无胰管显影的１０２９例患者中有１３３例具有胰腺炎病史,达１２．９％;二者间具有显著性差异。在胰管显影的病例中,发生过胰腺炎的患者其胆胰汇合角度显著高于未发生过胰腺炎患者的胆胰汇合角度（Ｐ〈０．００１）。作者认为：“Ｔ”管造发生胰管同时显影的病例可有与壶腹隔膜功能陷     

GABA(A) receptors mediate inhibition of T cell responses

We describe the presence of functional GABA(A) receptors on T cells. GABA inhibited anti-CD3 and antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner that was 1) mimicked by the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (but not the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen), 2) blocked by GABA(A) receptor antagonists and a GABA(A) receptor Cl- channel blocker (picrotoxin) and 3) enhanced by pentobarbital. These data suggest that GABA(A) receptors mediate this immune inhibition and that these receptors can be modulated in a similar fashion to their neuronal counterparts. Finally, GABA inhibited DTH responses in vivo. Thus, pharmacological modulation of GABA(A) receptors may provide new approaches to modulate T cell responses in inflammation and autoimmune disease.     

Analysis of differential effects of Pb2+ on protein kinase C isozymes

Protein kinase C has been implicated as a cellular target for Pb2+ toxicity. We have previously proposed that Pb2+ modulates PKC activity by interacting with multiple sites within the enzyme. In order to further characterize the Pb-PKC interactions we compared the effects of Pb2+ on the CA-dependent and -independent protein kinase C isozymes using recombinant human PKC-alpha, PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta as well as the catalytic fragment of bovine brain protein kinase C, the PKC-M. The results demonstrate that, whereas at pM concentrations Pb2+ activates PKC-alpha half maximally (KAct approximately 2 pM), it has no effect on PKC-epsilon, PKC-zeta, or PKC-M activities. The activation of PKC-alpha by Pb2+ is additive with Ca2+ in a manner indicating interaction with half of the calcium activation sites. In the micromolar range of concentrations, Pb2+ inhibits all PKCs with estimated K0.5 of 1.0, 2.3, 28, and 93 microM for PKC-M, PKC-alpha, PKC-epsilon, and PKC-zeta, respectively. Examination of Pb2+ effects on PKC-M kinetics indicates a mixed type inhibition with respect to ATP and noncompetitive inhibition with respect to histone. Taken together with the results of our previous study (Tomsig and Suszkiw, J. Neurochem. 64, 2667-2673, 1995) and the evidence for the existence of two Ca2+ coordination sites Ca1 and Ca2 within the C2 domain (Shao et al., Science [Washington, D.C.] 273, 248-251, 1996), the results of the current study provide further support for a multisite Pb-PKC interaction scheme wherein lead (1) partially activates the enzyme through pM-affinity interactions with the Ca1 site and inhibits the divalent cation-dependent activity through nM-affinity interactions with Ca2 site in the C2 domain and (2) inhibits the constitutive kinase activity through microM-affinity interactions with the catalytic domain. The concentration dependence of the differential effects of Pb2+ on the calcium-dependent and -independent PKCs underscores the importance of the C2 motif as a high affinity molecular target for Pb2+.     

Mucinous pancreatic ductal ectasia of latent malignancy: an emerging clinicopathologic entity.

The natural history of classic mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas has been previously defined. In this report, an unusual variant of a pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm, termed "mucinous pancreatic duct ectasia of latent malignancy," is described. The lesion is characterized by massive dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and its tributaries. Histologically, the ducts are lined by epithelium, which is indistinguishable from the classic mucinous cystic neoplasms. Until the natural history of classic mucinous cystic neoplasm is better documented, resection appears to be the treatment of choice.     

喉癌组织恶性度与颈淋巴结转移关系

采用五因素评点法对４０例喉鳞癌进行组织学和临床方面的研究。结果表明，组织恶性度与Ｔ分期无相关性，浸润方式弥散及恶性度高（评分≥１１）的肿瘤发生颈淋巴结转移率显著高于有完整肿瘤边界者及恶性度低（评分≤１０）者。提示喉癌组织恶性度在预测颈淋巴结转移上有实用价值，可临导临床治疗方案的选择。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者高密度脂蛋白糖基化与妊高征发病的关系

目的：了解妊娠期糖尿病孕妇体内高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）糖化程度及受体代谢途径情况，探讨其与妊高征发病的关系。方法：用荧光法测定妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白，≤８．０％为组Ⅰ，共３２例、＞８．０％为组Ⅱ，共３４例，并测定正常妊娠组３６例及正常非妊娠组３２例ＨＤＬ糖化值。用酶联免疫受体法观察ＨＤＬ与培养的人胚肺成纤维细胞表面受体特异结合情况。结果：妊娠期糖尿病患者组Ⅰ、组ⅡＨＤＬ糖化值明显高于正常妊娠组和正常非妊娠组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其细胞结合、摄入和降解糖化ＨＤＬ均较正常妊娠组和正常非妊娠组升高，使细胞内总胆固醇含量升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：妊娠期糖尿病患者ＨＤＬ糖化值含量的变化及脂质沉积，可能是妊高征小动脉痉挛的原因之一。     

GLOMUS TUMORS──A REVIEW OF 8 CASES WITH INTRODUCTION OF A MODIFIED COMBINED INTRA-AND EXTRACRANIAL APPROACH

Eight cases of glomus tumors hospitalized in our department from 1982 through 1995 were reviewed. It comprised of five glomus tympanic tumors and three glomus jugular tumors. Discussion was centered on it’s contemporary diagnosis, classification and surgical treatment with introduction of a modified combined intra-and extracranial surgical approach to resect the extensive glomus tumors.     

乳腺癌肿瘤血管生成的临床病理学意义

肿瘤血管生成（ＴｕｍｏｒＡｎｇｉｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ，ＴＡ）是目前肿瘤研究的重要课题，其研究目的在于探讨ＴＡ的预后价值以及预测肿瘤对抗血管生成药物的反应。本文应用第八因子相关抗原多克隆抗体对６５例乳腺浸润性导管癌（以下简称乳腺癌）进行了微血管的定量研究。结果显示：腋下淋巴结阳性病例组织的微血管密度（ＭｉｃｒｏｖｅｓｓｅｌＤｅｎｓｉｔｙ，ＭＶＤ）（１２９．７±４４．９）明显高于腋下淋巴结阴性（ＮｏｄｅＮｅｇａｔｉｖｅＢｒｅａｓｔＣａｎｃｅｒ，ＮＮＢＣ）病例组的ＭＶＤ（７９．６±３３．６），差异呈极显著性（Ｐ＜０．００１）；发生术后复发及远处转移的病例的ＭＶＤ均值高达１４５．３；以上结果提示乳腺癌ＭＶＤ与肿瘤转移、复发均密切相关。我们认为乳腺癌ＭＶＤ可反映其血供状态，ＭＶＤ高的病例微血管丰富，肿瘤组织生长快，癌细胞易于进入微循环而发生转移