银杏内酯B对大鼠下丘脑室旁核神经元自发放电的影响

目的研究银杏内酯B（GinkgolideB，BN52021）对静息状态下的下丘脑脑片室旁核神经元自发放电活动的影响。方法应用细胞外记录单位放电技术。结果（1）在27个下丘脑室旁核神经元放电单位给予银杏内酯B（0．1，1，10μmol／L）2分钟，有26个放电单位（96．30％）放电频率明显降低，且呈剂量依赖性；（2）预先用0．2mmol／L的L—glutamate（L-Glu）灌流下丘脑脑片，8个放电单位放电频率明显增加，表现为癫痫样放电，在此基础上灌流银杏内酯B（1μmol／L）2分钟，其癫痫样放电全部被抑制；（3）预先用L型钙通道开放剂BayK8644灌流8个下丘脑脑片，8个放电单位（100％）全部放电增加，在此基础上灌流银杏内酯B（1μmol／L）2分钟，8个放电单位（100％1放电频率明显减低（4）在8个下丘脑室旁核神经元放电单位上，银杏内酯B（1μmol／L）的抑制效应可被广泛钾通道阻断剂（tetraethylammonium，TEA）1mmol／L完全阻断。结论银杏内酯B（GinkgolideB，BN520211可抑制下丘脑室旁核神经元自发放电，并可抑制由L—glutamate诱发的神经元放电。提示银杏内酯B对心血管中枢神经元通过降低其活动而具有一定程度的保护作用，这种作用可能与银杏内酯B抑制L型钙通道有关，而且可能与延迟整流型钾通道（delayed rectifier potassium channel，KDR）有关。     

活血通络方对大鼠周围神经病变神经传导速度影响的研究?

目的：：研究活血通络方对大鼠周围神经病变神经传导速度的影响。方法：将雄性 Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、西药组、中药组、联合用药组,通过高糖高脂饲料喂养、注射链脲佐菌素的方式制作糖尿病大鼠模型,分别给予甲钴胺、活血通络方治疗。治疗后测定神经功能以及神经细胞因子含量。结果：①神经功能：模型组的神经功能低于正常组,中药组、西药组、联合用药组的神经功能优于模型组,联合用药组的神经传导速度、电位波幅均高于中药组、西药组,潜伏期短于中药组、西药组;②神经细胞因子：模型组的神经营养因子( NTF)、神经生长因子( NGF)、脑源性神经营养因子( BDNF)含量均低于正常组,中药组、西药组、联合用药组的NTF、 NGF、 BDNF含量均高于模型组,联合用药组的NTF、 NGF、 BDNF含量均高于中药组、西药组。结论：活血通络方联合甲钴胺有助于改善神经传导功能,提高神经细胞因子含量。     

Abnormal Development at Early Postimplantation Stage in Mouse Embryos After Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an established procedure for the genetic analysis of embryos. To assess the effect of the procedure on early embryonic development, we generated a murine experimental system, including mice implanted with biopsied in vitro cultured embryos, control mice implanted with in vitro cultured embryos without biopsy, and mice with naturally conceived embryos. Embryos at the 7.5‐dpc stage were isolated from all three groups and the embryo implantation rate, the survival rate of implanted embryos, and the developmental stage of surviving embryos were carefully assessed and compared among all three groups. We found the implantation rate was similar between biopsied and control group embryos (67.92% vs. 66.67%). However, the survival rate of implanted embryos in the biopsied group (49.31%) was significantly lower than that of the control (60.91%) and normal groups (96.24%) at 7.5 dpc. In addition, the survival rate of control group embryos was significant lower than that of normal group embryos. Classification of the precise developmental stages of randomly selected live implanted embryos at 7.5 dpc revealed no differences among the three groups. Our results indicate that blastomere biopsy does not adversely affect embryo implantation. The PGD procedure, in particular blastomere biopsy, increases the rate of embryo death at 4.5–7.5 dpc, but does not affect the development of surviving 7.5 dpc embryos. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Clinical contraindications to allergen immunotherapy: an EAACI position paper

Clinical indications for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in respiratory and Hymenoptera venom allergy are well established; however, clinical contraindications to AIT are not always well documented. There are some discrepancies when classifying clinical contraindications for different forms of AIT as ‘absolute’ or ‘relative’. EAACI Task Force on ‘Contraindications to AIT’ was created to evaluate and review current literature on clinical contraindications, and to update recommendations for both sublingual and subcutaneous AIT for respiratory and venom immunotherapy. An extensive review of the literature was performed on the use of AIT in asthma, autoimmune disorders, malignant neoplasias, cardiovascular diseases, acquired immunodeficiencies and other chronic diseases (including mental disorders), in patients treated with β‐blockers, ACE inhibitors or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, in children under 5 years of age, during pregnancy and in patients with poor compliance. Each topic was addressed by the following three questions: (1) Are there any negative effects of AIT on this concomitant condition/disease? (2) Are more frequent or more severe AIT‐related side‐effects expected? and (3) Is AIT expected to be less efficacious? The evidence, for the evaluation of these clinical conditions as contraindications, was limited, and most of the conclusions were based on case reports. Based on an extended literature research, recommendations for each medical condition assessed are provided. The final decision on the administration of AIT should be based on individual evaluation of any medical condition and a risk/benefit assessment for each patient.     

冠状动脉支架置入术后病人相关知识及健康教育需求调查

冠心病是常见的心身障碍性疾病之一,现已成为我国成年人死亡的重要原因之一。冠状动脉内支架置入术是在球囊扩张技术的基础上发展起来的一项技术,目前已成为介入治疗冠心病的主要手段之一。据统计,冠心病介入治疗中支架置入的比例占70%~80%,而支架内再狭窄率高达20%~35%,严重影响其远期疗效。血管弹性回缩、血管负性重塑、新生内皮增生是支架内再狭窄发生的主要机制。实践证明,控制危险因素可     

The Optimization of Mix Proportion Design for SCC: Experimental Study and Grey Relational Analysis

The optimization of mix proportions based on the targeted fresh and hardened performances of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a foundation for its transition from laboratory research to industrial production. In this paper, the mix proportions of various SCC mixtures were designed by the absolute volume method with changes in the content of river sand and manufactured sand, the content of fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) and the maximum particle sizes of coarse aggregates. This experimental study was carried out to verify the workability, density and cubic compressive strength of SCC. The results show that SCC demonstrated good performance with appropriate mix proportions of manufactured sand and river sand. A hybrid effect of fly ash and GGBS appeared on the fresh performance of SCC with a constant strength, and the coarse aggregate with a smaller maximum particle size was beneficial to the workability but detrimental to the compressive strength of SCC. Finally, the optimization of the mix proportion of SCC was evaluated by grey relational analysis, in which the weight of the indicators was determined by the entropy method to improve the evaluation credibility. As a result, the optimal mix proportions of SCC were selected.     

The efficacy and safety of the fractional radiofrequency technique for the treatment of atrophic acne scar in Asians: A meta-analysis

Background: The fractional radiofrequency (fRF) technique is a recently emerged technique. However, the exact outcomes of fRF for treating atrophic acne scar in Asians are still unclear. Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of fRF with the fractional laser technique in Asians with atrophic acne scar. Materials and methods: The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched. Main clinical outcomes were participant-reported scar improvement, investigator-reported scar improvement, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), erythema duration, scab duration, and the pain level. Result: Six randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. The scar improvement was similar in both groups regarding participant-reported scar improvement (p = 0.48) and investigator-reported scar improvement (p = 0.89). However, the incidence of PIH in fRF group was lower in comparison with the laser group (p < 0.001). The average duration of erythema was shorter in fRF group than in the laser group (p < 0.001). The mean time for debridement was shorter in fRF group than the carbon dioxide fractional laser system (p = 0.02). The pain level did not differ significantly in the two groups (p = 0.53). Conclusion: Although some bias exists in our study, fRF appears to be a superior alternative for the treatment of atrophic acne scar in Asians.