基于等温滴定量热法对鱼腥草注射剂超分子结构特征的研究

目的 基于超分子“印迹模板”的分布特征划分鱼腥草注射剂指纹图谱成分簇,进行谱热学研究探讨鱼腥草注射剂中形成超分子结构的可疑成分。方法 采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法建立11批次鱼腥草注射剂的指纹图谱,采用匹配频数法和段带总量统计矩法划分“印迹模板”成分簇并构建新指纹图谱;采用等温微量热滴定仪测定11批次鱼腥草注射剂中挥发油成分相互滴定的放热量;根据超分子“印迹模板”作用放热的叠加性原理,进行总峰面积与鱼腥草注射剂自放热量的线性回归,建立谱热学方程并分析成分簇贡献率,根据关键成分簇信息筛选关键成分结构。结果 11批次鱼腥草挥发油GC-MS指纹图谱可被划分为26个“印迹模板”成分簇,总峰面积与热量线性回归后保留10个相关性大的变量：V2、V10、V15、V17、V19、V20、V21、V22、V23、V26,其回归系数分别为-1.12×10^-4、5.93×10^-6、7.58×10^-5、9.32×10^-4、-1.14×10^-5、4.97×10^-4、5.26×10^-5、-1.16×10^-4、-5.66×10^-5、-2.08×10^-5,常数为24.199,r＝0.958。筛选得到17个形成超分子结构的可疑成分,分别为樟烯、β-月桂烯、4-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙叉基)-环己烯、3-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)-呋喃等。结论 以超分子“印迹模板”为理论指导,运用匹配频数法对鱼腥草注射剂挥发油进行成分簇划分;利用线性回归得到了各个成分簇对放热值的贡献度及排序,得到形成超分子结构的关键成分,为后续对鱼腥草注射剂（类）致敏研究提供方向。     

全球针对家族史高危人群的结直肠癌筛查指南推荐意见的系统综述

目的 对全球现有结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南的更新进展及推荐意见进行系统总结和评价。方法 以“结直肠癌”“筛查”“指南”“共识”“推荐”“家族史”以及“colorectal cancer”“screening”“guideline”“recommendation”“family history”为关键词,并补充其自由词,系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science,并且同时检索官网刊登的结直肠癌筛查指南/共识作为补充,语种限定为中文和英文。截至2022年5月24日,共20篇有效文献。对纳入文献的基本信息、针对家族史人群的推荐意见等进行摘录整理及汇总描述。结果 在20篇文献中,大多数国家/地区/机构根据结直肠癌家族史人群的亲属关系等级,对筛查起止年龄、筛查方式及筛查周期提出建议。多数指南针对有1例60岁前患结直肠癌一级亲属的人群,推荐筛查起始年龄为40岁或比患病亲属诊断年龄提前10年,推荐的筛查方式多为结肠镜。结论 目前全球多数结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查指南主要针对一级亲属家族史、以结肠镜作为主要筛查方式。本文将为我国针对结直肠癌家族史高危人群筛查策略的更新提供参考依据,进而完善结直肠癌筛查与早诊早治实践。     

半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用

目的:探讨半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cystatin C)在肾脏功能早期损伤评估中的应用。方法:检测1338例患者Cystatin C、血尿素(Urea)、血肌酐(Scr)和尿微量蛋白(UMP)。结果:Scr在UMP正常和异常组的比较中,P值>0.05;而Cystatin C的P值<0.01。结论:Cystatin C在肾功能早期损伤评估中灵敏度和特异性比Scr高,可作为肾功能早期损伤的标志物。     

Effects of high doses of testosterone propionate and testosterone enanthate on rat seminiferous tubules — a stereological and cytological study

The effects of exogenous testosterone on various testicular variables has become of increasing significance because of its potential use in male contraception. For this reason, high doses of two testosterone esters [testosterone propionate (TP) and testosterone enanthate (TE)] were used in a study of their influence on the morphology, length and curvature of the seminiferous tubules of the rat testis, and on cytological smears of the seminiferous tubules epithelium. TP was given for 14 days (3 mg/100 g body weight, i. m.) to assess the acute effects of testosterone on the seminiferous tubules. TE was administered for 60 days (in the same manner as TP) to study possible chronic effects on the rat testis. After TP and TE treatment the seminiferous tubule epithelium showed disorganization and desquamation of spermatogenic cells. In the TP-treated testes the tubules lined with Sertoli cells only were observed. The values for the length and curvature of seminiferous tubules of the TP- and TE-treated rats were significantly reduced (p<0.001). All these changes were observed earlier in the TP-treated than in the TE-treated animals. In cytological smears of the testis of the TP- and TE-treated rats an increase of vacuoles and residual bodies in Sertoli cell cytoplasm was noted. In addition, a reduction of spermatogenic cells, particularly sperms, was manifest in the smears after treatment. Large groups of Sertoli cells were seen in the smears from these testes.The study was supported by a Grant for Scientific Research No. 3-01-041 from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Informatics of the Republic of Croatia     

Myocardial protection of immature rabbits with an ATP- sensitive K+ channel opener pinacidil

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of pinacidil, an opener of ATP- sensitive K(+) channels, in protecting the myocardium of immature rabbit hearts from ischemic r eperfusion injury. Methods Rabbit hearts underwent 30 min of global normothermic ischemia followed by 30 mi n of reperfusion on the modified Langendorff apparatus. Fifty- two isolated hea rts of 3-4 week- old immature rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly. Duri ng ischemia, 3 different cardioplegic solutions were administered intermittently by infusion every 15 min (20-25 ml each time in all groups). Group 1: con trol group (n=13); group 2: Krebs- Henseleit (K- H) solution with potassium (16 mmo l/L) (n=13); group 3: K- H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L) and pinacidil (5 0 μmol/L) (n=13); group 4: K- H solution with potassium (16 mmol/L), pinacidi l (50 μmol/L) and glibenclamide (10 μmol/L) (n=13). The pre- ischemic and p ost- ischemic myocardial functions were assessed by the percentage recovery of t he left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP); the left ventricular end- diastol ic pressure (LVEDP); both the positive peak and negative peaks of the first deri vative of the left ventricular pressures (±dp/dt(max)); coronary flow; the level of creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transcar bamoylase (AST) in coronary sinus venous effluent; and by myocardial ultrastruct ural changes. Results Before myocardial ischemia, there were no significant differences among the four groups in any of the parameters mentioned above. Post- ischemic recovery of LV DP, LVEDP, ±dp/dt(max), coronary flow, the level of CK, LDH and AST, and my ocardial ultrastructural changes were better in group 3 than those in the three other groups.Conclusions As a new and effective composition, pinacidil can significantly improve myocardi al protection from cardioplegia for immature rabbit hearts.     

冠心病经皮冠状动脉内成形术的临床应用

目的：观察心绞痛、心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉内成形术（PTCA）的安全性和有效性。方法：不稳定型心绞痛3例,急性心肌梗死2例。其中病变血管6支,回旋支远端狭窄1例,左前降支完全闭塞1例,左前降支近端狭窄3例（其中1例合并右冠状动脉中段狭窄）。分别行PTCA或PTCA加支架术。结果：PTCA成功4例,失败1例。PTCA后有3例发现内膜撕裂和血管壁塌陷,随即行支架植入。术前急性心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验（TIMI）血流0－1级,术后均恢复TIMI血流3级。术后随访1－3个月,患者均无心绞痛发作。结论：PTCA和支架植入,是冠状血管再通安全而有效的方法。     

缺氧对神经细胞缺氧诱导因子—1αmRNA表达的影响

目的：提示在缺氧状态下神经细胞缺氧诱导因子－1α（HIF-1α）mRNA表达的时空规律。方法：对分离的新生SD大鼠在脑皮质神经细胞分别进行常规和缺氧培养,采用定量逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT－PCR）检测神经细胞在不同缺氧时间HIF－1αmRNA的表达,结果：神经细胞在常氧下HIF－1αmRNA有极低的表达,在缺氧30min时表达显著上升,60min达到高峰,90min后逐渐下降。与对照组比较,各缺氧组HIF－1αmRNA的表达均有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：神经细胞在缺氧早期HIF－1αmRNA表达有短暂、迅速的增加。     

国产全热解碳双叶瓣的动物实验

目的 :探讨人造瓣膜动物实验的方法 ,并对国产瓣的性能作动物体内评价。方法 :体外循环下行羊的二尖瓣替换术 ,先作预实验以确定实验方法 ,后作正式实验。用心导管和超声 ,并用多巴酚丁胺负荷法模拟运动条件 ,分别测定人造瓣的血流动力学参数 ;根据动物存活情况及有无血栓形成和血栓栓塞等评价其生物相容性。结果 :预实验 10只羊均死亡 ,主要与瓣环撕裂有关 ;正式实验 5只羊均存活。术中和术后 2 .5年用导管法测得平均跨瓣压差分别为 0 .69± 0 .2 3k Pa、0 .81± 0 .0 4k Pa;动物尸检未见血栓形成和血栓栓塞。结论 :瓣环撕裂是本组手术主要死亡原因 ,选择适当体重的动物和保留瓣叶的折叠缝补 ,及术后合理的呼吸支持等是实验的关键 ;该国产瓣在动物体内血流动力学和抗血栓性能优良     

鼾症手术的探讨

目的 探讨鼾症的常规的悬雍垂腭咽成形术（Ｕｖｕｌｐａｌａ ｔｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｐｌａｓｔｙ ＵＰＰＰ）与激光悬雍垂腭咽成形术（Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｕｖｕｌｏｐａｌａｔｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｐａｓｔｙ,ＬＵＰＰＰ）的优缺点。方法 ＵＰＰＰ加半导体激光或ＣＯ２及ＹＡＧ手术。结果 综合术式共治４０例,随访１年以上,总有效９５％,显效１８例（４５％）,好转２０例（５０％）无效２例（５％）。结论 传统ＵＰＰＰ和ＬＵＰＰ