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41.
Pulmonary nodules studied by computed tomography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The authors analyzed 177 pulmonary nodules using thin-section computed tomography (CT), calculating the representative CT number (RCT#) from a computer printout. None of the 96 malignant nodules had an RCT# greater than 151 H. Of the 81 benign nodules, 14 were shown to be calcified by conventional radiography and had an RCT# ranging from 763 and 1,023 H. Thirty had an RCT# greater than 200 H; this included 24 which showed no calcification on conventional tomograms. The remaining 37 benign nodules had an RCT# less than 200 H; 6 of them were hamartomas, including 2 which were diagnosed as such due to their fat content. 相似文献
42.
S Sinha S Gupta S Malhotra NS Krishna AV Meru V Babu V Bansal M Garg N Kumar A Chugh A Ray 《British journal of pharmacology》2010,160(5):1119-1127
Background and purpose:
AE9C90CB (N- [(1R, 5S, 6R)-3-azabicyclo [3.1.0] hex-6-ylmethyl]-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-2, 2-diphenylacetamide), a novel muscarinic receptor antagonist, was synthesized for the treatment of overactive bladder. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo profiles of AE9C90CB for action in bladder over salivary gland and compare it with four agents already in clinical use (tolterodine, oxybutynin, solifenacin and darifenacin).Experimental approach:
Radioligand binding assay and isolated tissue-based functional assay were used to evaluate affinity, potency, and receptor subtype selectivity of compounds. Inhibition of carbachol-induced increase in intravesicular pressure and salivary secretion were measured in anaesthetized rabbits to assess the functional selectivity.Key results:
In vitro radioligand binding study using human recombinant muscarinic receptors showed that AE9C90CB had greater affinity for M3 muscarinic receptors with pKi of 9.90 ± 0.11 and was 20-fold more selective for M3 than for M2 muscarinic receptors. AE9C90CB exhibited an unsurmountable antagonism on rat bladder strips (pKB, 9.13 ± 0.12). In anaesthetized rabbits after intravenous administration, AE9C90CB dose dependently inhibited carbachol-induced increase in intravesicular pressure and salivary secretion, and exhibited functional selectivity for urinary bladder over salivary gland which was ninefold better than that of oxybutynin.Conclusions and implications:
We have identified AE9C90CB, a compound exhibiting moderate selectivity for M3 over M2 receptors but greater selectivity for urinary bladder over salivary gland than oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin and darifenacin. Therefore, AE9C90CB may be a promising compound for the treatment of overactive bladder with reduced potential to cause dry mouth than currently available antimuscarinic drugs. 相似文献43.
Ennezat PV Auffray JL Charbonnel C Pinçon C Darchis J Rousselle M Aubert JM Bauchart JJ Van Belle E Bauters C Asseman P 《Thérapie》2006,61(4):335-340
This paper shows the eventual benefits of treatment with beta-blockers in post-myocardial infarction. An overview of main clinical trials that have been conducted to test this therapeutic in acute coronary syndrome. In patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction, the early use of intravenous beta-blockers had shown a modest and non significant reduction in mortality. Substantial reductions in mortality and reinfarction have been demonstrated when beta-blockers have been used soon after an acute myocardial infarction and continued long-term. However, these benefits were observed in randomised clinical trials conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, prior to the widespread use of reperfusion therapies and antiplatelet agents. It appears obvious that the long-term use of beta-blockers may be questionable after any acute coronary syndrome especially if complete reperfusion has been achieved and left ventricular function is preserved. 相似文献
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The relationship between urinary calcium, sodium, and potassium excretion and the role of potassium in treating idiopathic hypercalciuria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the relationships between urinary sodium (UNa), potassium (UK), and calcium (UCa) excretion in the pediatric population; and 2) to determine the effect of increasing potassium intake in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and investigate whether this intervention can be offered as another mode of therapy in this patient population. DESIGN: Prospectively, we determined UNa, UK, UCa, and creatinine (Cr) concentrations in randomly collected urine samples from children on initial evaluation for urinary frequency, dysuria, hematuria, enuresis, or kidney stones to identify children with hypercalciuria. SETTING: The outpatient renal clinic of an academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three black children (13 girls and 10 boys) and 77 white children (44 girls and 33 boys) 3.92 to 16.67 years of age. INTERVENTIONS: Eleven children with hypercalciuria were given potassium supplementation or placed on a high-potassium diet for at least 2 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: UNa to UK, UNa to Cr, UK to Cr, and UCa to Cr ratios were calculated from measured levels of urinary minerals. These were repeated in 11 hypercalciuric patients after 2 weeks of increased potassium intake. RESULTS: A total of 100 urine samples were analyzed. The UCa/Cr ratio in blacks 0.04 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- standard deviation) was significantly lower than in whites 0.16 +/- 0.12. There were 21 hypercalciuric white children versus only 1 black child. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive direct correlation between UNa/Cr and UCa/Cr in all 100 subjects and in whites alone but not in blacks. An inverse relationship existed between UK/Cr and UCa/Cr in all subjects and in whites and showed a strong trend in blacks. A marked direct relationship was found between UNa/K and UCa/Cr in all subjects (r = .43) as well as in whites (r = .59) and blacks (r = .49). One black child and 10 white hypercalciuric children were treated with "extra" K for at least 2 weeks. The UNa/K decreased from 4.73 +/- 2.28 to 1.98 +/- 1.09, and the UCa/Cr decreased from 0. 31 +/- 0.10 to 0.14 +/- 0.07, with resolution or improvement of the patients' symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In our patient population with urinary symptoms, the UCa/Cr ratio in black children is lower and hypercalciuria less common than in white children. In both white and black populations, the UNa/K ratio had the strongest association with the UCa/Cr ratio, indicating an opposing role of UNa and UK on the UCa/Cr ratio. Increased potassium intake was found to be beneficial for hypercalciuric children by decreasing the UNa/K ratio and, consequently, the UCa/Cr ratio. 相似文献
47.
Felten V Charmantier G Mons R Geffard A Rousselle P Coquery M Garric J Geffard O 《Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,86(3):413-425
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cadmium on physiological and behavioural responses in Gammarus pulex. In a first experiment, cadmium LC50s for different times were evaluated in 264 h experiment under continuous mode of exposure (LC50(96 h)=82.1 microgL(-1), LC50(120 h)=37.1 microgL(-1), LC50(168 h)=21.6 microgL(-1), LC50(264 h)=10.5 microgL(-1)). In a second experiment, the physiological and behavioural responses of the amphipod exposed to cadmium (0, 7.5 and 15 microgL(-1)) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The mortality and the whole body cadmium concentration of organisms exposed to cadmium were significantly higher than in controls. Concerning physiological responses, cadmium exposure exerted a significant decrease on osmolality and haemolymph Ca(2+) concentration, but not on haemolymph Na(+) and Cl(-) concentrations, whereas the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was significantly increased. Behavioural responses, such as feeding rate, locomotor and ventilatory activities, were significantly reduced in Cd exposed organisms. Mechanism of cadmium action and consequent energetic reallocation in favour of maintenance functions (i.e., osmoregulation) are discussed. The results of this study indicate that osmolality and locomotor activity in G. pulex could be effective ecophysiological/behavioural markers to monitor freshwater ecosystem and to assess the health of organisms. 相似文献
48.
SWOT analysis of program design and implementation: a case study on the reduction of maternal mortality in Afghanistan
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Qudratullah Ahmadi Homayoon Danesh Vasil Makharashvili Kathryn Mishkin Lovemore Mupfukura Hillary Teed Maggie Huff‐Rousselle 《The International journal of health planning and management》2016,31(3):247-259
This case study analyzes the design and implementation of the Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) in Afghanistan by synthesizing the literature with a focus on maternal health services. The authors are a group of graduate students in the Brandeis University International Health Policy and Management Program and Sustainable International Development Program who used the experience in Afghanistan to analyze an example of successfully implementing policy; two of the authors are Afghan physicians with direct experience in implementing the BPHS. Data is drawn from a literature review, and a unique aspect of the case study is the application of the business‐oriented SWOT analysis to the design and implementation of the program that successfully targeted lowering maternal mortality in Afghanistan. It provides a useful example of how SWOT analysis can be used to consider the reasons for, or likelihood of, successful or unsuccessful design and implementation of a policy or program. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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目的:中性粒细胞粘附在缺血再灌注损伤中有非常重要的作用。本文用SD大鼠趾长屈肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察L一粘附素单抗LAM1—116在缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法:30只SD大鼠被均分为2组:LAM1—116组和生理盐水对照组。每只大鼠的一侧趾长屈肌作为正常对照,另外一侧进行 3 h缺血 4 h再灌注。结果:LAM1— 116组实验侧的髓过氧化物酶为正常的2倍(2.3±2.2),生理盐水对照组则为正常的28倍(27.5±11.7)(P<0.001);LAM1—116组的湿重比(1.10± 0.10)、疲劳肌力(77. 1%±12.1%)与对照组相比(分别为 1. 23± 0. 10和 49. 7%± 9 .3%)明显改善(P< 0.05);组织学上,LAM1—116组的中性粒细胞局部浸润显著减少,水肿减轻。结论:通过 L-粘附素单克隆抗体 LAM1— 116阻断 L-粘附素的功能,可以有效地降低中性粒细胞在再灌注肌肉中的浸润,防止组织水肿,从而改善肌肉的功能。 相似文献