全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2122篇 |
免费 | 103篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 156篇 |
妇产科学 | 21篇 |
基础医学 | 192篇 |
口腔科学 | 47篇 |
临床医学 | 194篇 |
内科学 | 609篇 |
皮肤病学 | 24篇 |
神经病学 | 66篇 |
特种医学 | 481篇 |
外科学 | 174篇 |
综合类 | 29篇 |
预防医学 | 93篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 68篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 73篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 9篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 32篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 38篇 |
2011年 | 50篇 |
2010年 | 95篇 |
2009年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 43篇 |
1998年 | 134篇 |
1997年 | 126篇 |
1996年 | 127篇 |
1995年 | 95篇 |
1994年 | 79篇 |
1993年 | 84篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 68篇 |
1988年 | 54篇 |
1987年 | 60篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 50篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 35篇 |
1981年 | 23篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 25篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1938年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有2247条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
961.
Biermasz NR Romijn JA Pereira AM Roelfsema F 《Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy》2005,6(14):2393-2405
Acromegaly is associated with considerable morbidity and excess mortality; however, after effective treatment, both morbidity and mortality risks improve. Growth hormone excess in acromegaly can be controlled in many patients by pharmacotherapy alone, and with a combination of transsphenoidal surgery and pharmacotherapy in almost all patients. Since the clinical introduction of pegvisomant, a growth hormone-receptor antagonist, the role of radiotherapy is restricted. This review focuses on the treatment options for acromegaly (e.g., surgery, radiotherapy and pharmacotherapy with the depot preparations of the somatostatin analogues octreotide long-acting release formulation, lanreotide slow-release formulation and lanreotide Autogel, the growth hormone antagonist pegvisomant and the dopamine agonist cabergoline). Pharmacological characteristics of these drugs and the clinical and adverse effects are discussed individually and in relation to the other treatment modalities. The evidence for biochemical goals aimed at during medical treatment and the costs of pharmacotherapy are discussed. A new treatment algorithm is proposed, in which the choice between primary medical treatment and primary surgery is individualised, dependent on adenoma size and extension, patient factors (age, preference for therapy, contraindication for surgery), surgical experience of the centre and octreotide sensitivity of the adenoma. The high cost of lifelong medical treatment, especially of pegvisomant, must be weighed against the cost of a single surgical procedure. 相似文献
962.
Acromegaly is a chronic debilitating disorder caused by a growth hormone (GH)-producing pituitary adenoma. Active acromegaly is associated with a two- to fourfold increased mortality risk, mainly from cardiovascular disease. Transsphenoidal surgery is considered as the treatment of choice because of the rapidity of cure and normalisation of survival. Secondary treatment modalities are radiotherapy and medical treatment, and are important because surgery in the best hands cures only approximately 60% in long-term studies. Medical treatment with slow-release formulations of somatostatin are now widely used, also as primary treatment, and appear to be safe and effective in 50-60% of the patients. However, no data on mortality risk with these drugs is available. Recently, a GH-receptor blocking agent, pegvisomant, was licensed for use in acromegaly and appears to normalise IGF-1 in almost all patients. This article examines the pathophysiology of acromegaly, currently used medicines and their safety and efficacy, and the new drugs that are in development. 相似文献
963.
Identification of structural mutations in the fifth domain of apolipoprotein H (beta 2-glycoprotein I) which affect phospholipid binding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Apolipoprotein H (apoH), also known as beta 2-glycoprotein-I, is considered
to be a cofactor for the binding of certain antiphospholipid autoantibodies
to negatively charged phospholipids. Genetically determined structural
abnormalities in the lipid binding domain(s) of apoH can affect its ability
to bind lipid and consequently the production of the autoantibodies. In
this study we have identified two common structural mutations at codons 316
and 306 in the fifth domain of apoH which rendered apoH unable to bind to
negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS). The missense mutation at codon
316 (TGG --> TCG) replaces Trp316 with Ser316 and disrupts the integrity
of four highly conserved hydrophobic amino acids sequence at positions
313-316, which is a potential protein-lipid hydrophobic interaction site.
The missense mutation at codon 306 (TGC --> GGC) involves the
substitution of Cys306 by Gly306 which causes the disruption of a disulfide
bond between Cys281 and Cys306 and affects the normal configuration of the
fifth domain of apoH that appears to be critical for clustering positively
charged amino acids along with four hydrophobic amino acids sequence. ApoH
from the two homozygotes (Ser316/Ser316) and all seven compound
heterozygotes (Ser316/Gly306) failed to bind to PS; all heterozygotes at
one or the other sites and wild type showed normal PS binding. These data
indicate that the fifth domain of apoH harbors the lipid binding region. An
estimated 2 million Caucasians in the United States, who are compound
heterozygotes for the two mutations, may be precluded from producing
apoH-dependent antiphospholipid autoantibodies.
相似文献
964.
van den Hurk JA; Hendriks W; van de Pol DJ; Oerlemans F; Jaissle G; Ruther K; Kohler K; Hartmann J; Zrenner E; van Bokhoven H; Wieringa B; Ropers HH; Cremers FP 《Human molecular genetics》1997,6(6):851-858
Choroideremia (CHM) is an X-linked progressive eye disorder which results
from defects in the human Rab escort protein-1 (REP-1) gene. A gene
targeting approach was used to disrupt the mouse chm/rep-1 gene. Chimeric
males transmitted the mutated gene to their carrier daughters but,
surprisingly, these heterozygous females had neither affected male nor
carrier female offspring. The targeted rep-1 allele was detectable,
however, in male as well as female blastocyst stage embryos isolated from a
heterozygous mother. Thus, disruption of the rep-1 gene gives rise to
lethality in male embryos; in female embryos it is only lethal if the
mutation is of maternal origin. This observation can be explained by
preferential inactivation of the paternal X chromosome in murine
extraembryonic membranes suggesting that expression of the rep-1 gene is
essential in these tissues. In both heterozygous females and chimeras the
rep-1 mutation causes photoreceptor cell degeneration. Consequently,
conditional rescue of the embryonic lethal phenotype of the rep-1 mutation
may provide a faithful mouse model for choroideremia.
相似文献
965.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the direct cost of
infertility management, including diagnosis and treatment, in Canada during
1995, and the relative cost per live birth by treatment category. The
analysis was based on the following estimates: the prevalence of
infertility in Canada in 1995; the volume and distribution of infertility
services; and the effectiveness and cost of specific infertility
treatments. In 1995 there were approximately 330,000 couples experiencing
infertility in Canada. It is estimated that <50% (150,000) sought
medical advice or treatment during that year. A total of 13 diagnostic and
treatment categories account for nearly all of the treatments received, and
these categories form the treatment model. The cost of treatment per live
birth ranges from Cdn$650 for clomiphene treatment of unexplained
infertility to Cdn$41,000 for in-vitro fertilization. For a hypothetical
group of 100 couples, the annual cost of diagnosis and treatment would be
Cdn$77,000 and Cdn$200,000 respectively for a total of Cdn$277,000, or an
average of Cdn$2770 per couple. After 1 year of treatment, it is expected
that 26 of these 100 couples would achieve a live birth. The total annual
cost of infertility management in Canada, estimated to be approximately
Cdn$415 million, is 0.6% of the annual cost of health care.
相似文献
966.
Three cases of upper limb deep venous thrombosis occurring in association
with assisted conception treatment are presented. The accepted argument
that lower limb thrombosis occurring in cases of complicated or severe
hyperstimulation syndrome represents the likeliest thrombo-embolic disorder
in this situation is questioned.
相似文献
967.
Mitochondrial DNA deletion in human oocytes and embryos 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
Brenner CA; Wolny YM; Barritt JA; Matt DW; Munne S; Cohen J 《Molecular human reproduction》1998,4(9):887-892
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions are present in both human oocytes and
embryos. It has been found that these tissues contain a mtDNA mutation
which is present in high amounts in patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome
(KSS) and progressive external ophthalmoplegia. In the present study, the
frequency of this KSS deletion was investigated in human oocytes and
embryos. Using a nested primer polymerase chain chian reaction (PCR)
strategy, the frequency of the KSS deletion in 74 human oocytes and 137
embryos was found to be 32.8 and 8.0% respectively. Using a 'long PCR-short
PCR' nested primer strategy, the frequency of the KSS deletion in 181 human
oocytes and 104 embryos was found to be 47.0 and 20.2% respectively. There
was no statistical correlation between the age of the patients at the time
of oocyte retrieval and the presence of the deleted molecules. There was a
statistical difference between the presence of the deleted molecules in
oocytes versus embryos using either technique (P < 0.0001). The
relevance of these findings to the accumulation of low levels of deleted
mtDNA in both oocytes and embryos is discussed in this study.
相似文献
968.
969.
Integrin expression in normal and out-of-phase endometria 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:7
Creus M; Balasch J; Ordi J; Fabregues F; Casamitjana R; Quinto L; Coutifaris C; Vanrell JA 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(12):3460-3468
Integrins have recently been proposed as having a major role in endometrial
receptivity. Different patterns of integrin expression have been described
during the normal endometrial cycle, and the co- expression of several
integrins, mainly alpha1, alpha4 and beta3 has been considered as specific
to the 'window of implantation'. In the present study 55 infertile patients
underwent two endometrial biopsies during a single menstrual cycle. An
early biopsy was done on postovulatory days 6-8, and a late biopsy was
performed on postovulatory days 10 to 12. Histological dating as well as
immunohistochemical evaluation of alpha1, alpha4, beta1, beta3, beta5,
alpha(v)beta3 integrin expression and oestrogen and progesterone receptors
were determined in all endometrial biopsies. Oestradiol and progesterone
serum concentrations in serum were evaluated on the same days of the
endometrial samplings. Nine out of the 55 midluteal biopsies (16.4%) showed
out-of-phase endometria, but all biopsies were in phase in the late luteal
phase. Differences in integrin expression between in- and out-of-phase
biopsies were observed only for alpha(v)beta3 integrin glandular expression
during the midluteal phase. Alpha(v)beta3 integrin glandular expression was
found in all late luteal phase biopsies. Alpha(v)beta3 expression was
closely correlated with histological maturation of the endometrium
appearing suddenly at postovulatory day 6-7 and being expressed by all
endometria dated as postovulatory day > or = 8, irrespective of
midluteal endometrial biopsies being in phase or out of phase. No
differences in integrin expression were detected between patients with or
without endometriosis or between patients who became spontaneously pregnant
and those who did not. In conclusion, further studies are necessary before
patterns of integrin expression may offer an alternative to predict uterine
receptivity and implantation potential.
相似文献
970.
A randomized controlled trial of three low-dose gonadotrophin protocols for unexplained infertility 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
This randomized controlled trial assessed which of three low-intensity
ovulation induction protocols was associated with the highest rate of cycle
completion among infertile women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI)
with their husband's spermatozoa. Sixty-three women aged < or = 42 years
with normospermic partners participated in the study. The primary diagnosis
of infertility was unexplained in 89% of subjects, endometriosis in 6% and
tubal factor in 5%. Women were assigned to three groups according to
recombinant FSH dosage: group A received two ampoules (75 IU FSH per
ampoule) on cycle day 4, and one ampoule on days 6 and 8 (total four
ampoules); group B received two ampoules on days 4, 6 and 8 (total six
ampoules); group C received two ampoules on days 4, 6, 8 and 10 (total
eight ampoules). Daily ultrasound investigations began on cycle day 9-12
and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 5000 IU was administered when one
or two follicles > or = 18 mm were seen. IUI was scheduled for the next
day. HCG was given and/or ovulation shown to have occurred in 88 of 109
cycles attempted (81%) with no differences among the three dose groups. Two
singleton pregnancies occurred (2.3% per ovulatory cycle and 1.8% per cycle
start). There were no significant differences among the three regimes in
terms of cycle parameters, suggesting that an individualized and more
intensive approach to ovarian stimulation is necessary for many women with
unexplained infertility.
相似文献