全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8179篇 |
免费 | 512篇 |
国内免费 | 43篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 185篇 |
儿科学 | 170篇 |
妇产科学 | 126篇 |
基础医学 | 976篇 |
口腔科学 | 684篇 |
临床医学 | 651篇 |
内科学 | 1988篇 |
皮肤病学 | 162篇 |
神经病学 | 696篇 |
特种医学 | 177篇 |
外科学 | 1336篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 504篇 |
眼科学 | 181篇 |
药学 | 491篇 |
中国医学 | 21篇 |
肿瘤学 | 324篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 153篇 |
2021年 | 383篇 |
2020年 | 201篇 |
2019年 | 356篇 |
2018年 | 371篇 |
2017年 | 250篇 |
2016年 | 279篇 |
2015年 | 302篇 |
2014年 | 442篇 |
2013年 | 460篇 |
2012年 | 765篇 |
2011年 | 775篇 |
2010年 | 405篇 |
2009年 | 339篇 |
2008年 | 495篇 |
2007年 | 487篇 |
2006年 | 417篇 |
2005年 | 370篇 |
2004年 | 354篇 |
2003年 | 262篇 |
2002年 | 247篇 |
2001年 | 74篇 |
2000年 | 80篇 |
1999年 | 68篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 13篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有8734条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
991.
Calazans A Brindeiro R Brindeiro P Verli H Arruda MB Gonzalez LM Guimaraes JA Diaz RS Antunes OA Tanuri A 《The Journal of infectious diseases》2005,191(11):1961-1970
BACKGROUND: This work evaluates the role of subtype F human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) substitutions L89M and L90M in viral replication and resistance to PR inhibitors (PIs). METHODS: Subtype B and F PR genes were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, to create and reverse the methionine at positions 89 and 90. Viruses were re-created in cell culture, and their replicative capacity was assessed by fitness assay. Generated viruses were also phenotyped for PI resistance. RESULTS: The subtype F clone (89M90L) showed a replicative capacity comparable to that of the PI-susceptible subtype B clone (89L90L) and was more fit than the L89M mutated subtype B clone (89M90L). Both 89M90M subtype B and F clones presented the lowest fitness s values. The L89M mutation impacted phenotypic resistance to all PIs in half of the subtype F isolates but not in the subtype B isolates. Subtype F isolates presented a phenotypic profile similar to that of subtype B isolates when the M89L mutation was introduced. CONCLUSION: The L89M mutation in subtype F viruses is a high genetic barrier to the accumulation of the L90M resistance mutation and can function as a resistance mutation, depending on the presence of other polymorphisms in the subtype F PR backbone. 相似文献
992.
Characterization and clinical impact of antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
Muratori P Muratori L Ferrari R Cassani F Bianchi G Lenzi M Rodrigo L Linares A Fuentes D Bianchi FB 《The American journal of gastroenterology》2003,98(2):431-437
OBJECTIVES: The clinical impact of antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis is uncertain. We analyzed in detail the antinuclear antibodies reactivity of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and correlated the fine specificities observed with clinical, biochemical, and immunologic parameters. METHODS: A total of 96 consecutive primary biliary cirrhosis patients and 283 pathologic controls were studied. To dissect the fine antinuclear antibodies specificities we used different techniques, such as indirect immunofluorescence on cryostat tissue sections and cell culture (HEp-2 cells), counterimmunoelectrophoresis with thymus and spleen extracts, ELISA assays with recombinant Sp100 and purified gp210 and Lamin B receptor, and immunoblot with several recombinant nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. RESULTS: Antinuclear antibodies were detected in 53% of patients, with the following hierarchy of specificities: 27% anti-Sp100, 16% "multiple nuclear dots," 16% anti-gp210, 16% anti-centromere, 7% XR1, 6% anti-lamin B receptor, 5% anti-SS-A/Ro, 5% anti-ribonucleoprotein, 4% XR2, 2% anti-SS-B/La, 2% perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, and 1% anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. Several patients showed multiple specificities. The "multiple nuclear dots" pattern was detected more often in antimitochondrial antibodies negative patients. In particular, primary biliary cirrhosis specific antinuclear antibodies (anti-Sp100, anti-gp210, and anti-lamin B receptor) were detected in nine of 13 antimitochondrial negative primary biliary cirrhosis cases. Anti-gp210 was more frequent in patients with more pronounced cholestasis and more impaired liver function. CONCLUSIONS: Antinuclear antibodies reactivities are present in more than half of primary biliary cirrhosis patients and target diverse autoantigens located in distinct subnuclear structures. Anti-gp210 identifies a subgroup of primary biliary cirrhosis patients with more serious liver disease. Positivity for anti-Sp100, anti-gp210, and anti-lamin B receptor, either alone or in combination, may act as a serologic marker of antimitochondrial antibodies negative primary biliary cirrhosis. 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
996.
Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco Carlos Altez-Fernandez Niels Pacheco-Barrios Claudia Bambs Vilma Irazola J. Jaime Miranda Goodarz Danaei Pablo Perel 《Global Heart》2019,14(1):81-93
Background
Cardiovascular prognostic models guide treatment allocation and support clinical decisions. Whether there are valid models for Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) populations is unknown.Objective
This study sought to identify and critically appraise cardiovascular prognostic models developed, tested, or recalibrated in LAC populations.Methods
The systematic review followed the CHARMS (CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies) framework (PROSPERO [International Prospective Register of Systemic Reviews]: CRD42018096553). Reports were included if they followed a prospective design and presented a multivariable prognostic model; reports were excluded if they studied symptomatic individuals or patients. The following search engines were used: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, and LILACS. Risk of bias assessment was conducted with PROBAST (Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool). No quantitative summary was conducted due to large heterogeneity.Results
From 2,506 search results, 8 studies (N = 130,482 participants) were included for qualitative synthesis. We could not identify any cardiovascular prognostic model developed for LAC populations; reviewed reports evaluated available models or conducted a recalibration analysis. Only 1 study included a Caribbean population (Puerto Rico); 3 studies were retrieved from Chile; 2 from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay; and 1 from Mexico. Four studies included population-based samples, and the other 4 included people affiliated to a health facility (e.g., prevention clinics). Most studied participants were older than 50 years, and there were more women in 5 reports. The Framingham model was assessed 6 times, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled equation was assessed twice. Across the prognostic models assessed, calibration varied widely from one population to another, showing great overestimation particularly in some subgroups (e.g., highest risk). Discrimination (e.g., C-statistic) was acceptable for most models; for Framingham it ranged from 0.66 to 0.76. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled equation showed the best discrimination (0.78). That there were few outcome events was the most important methodological limitation of the identified studies.Conclusions
No cardiovascular prognostic models have been developed in LAC, hampering key evidence to inform public health and clinical practice. Validation studies need to improve methodological issues. 相似文献997.
998.
999.
Pathways for the movements of ions during calcium-free perfusion and the induction of the 'calcium paradox' 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
J Tunstall P Busselen G C Rodrigo R A Chapman 《Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology》1986,18(3):241-254
The intracellular sodium content of cardiac cells in fish and amphibia, measured with either an isotope technique or with sodium-sensitive micro-electrodes, rises steeply from around 15 mmol/l in calcium-containing solution to as much as 70 mmol/l, during exposure to a Ca2+-free solution. This increase is associated with the development of spontaneous and prolonged action potentials so that the membrane may stabilise around -20 mV. On reperfusion with calcium-containing medium the membrane repolarises before a strong contracture develops. Inhibition of the Na-pump increases both the sodium gain and the subsequent calcium re-admission tension. A number of agents e.g. divalent cations, anti-arrhythmic drugs, local anaesthetics and Ca-channel blockers are able to prevent the development of the contracture but only if they are present during the calcium-free perfusion. They also inhibit the development of spontaneous electrical activity and the rise in Nai. The calcium re-admission contracture can be blocked in amphibian preparations voltage clamped around the resting potential during low calcium perfusion. From the known pharmacological action of these agents and the voltage and time dependence of the calcium channel, it is concluded that during calcium depletion, the prolongation of the action potentials is associated with a sustained entry of Na+ via the Ca-channels which leads to the rise in Nai. Once Nai has risen, these agents with the exception of Mn2+, a known inhibitor of the Na/Ca exchange, are unable to prevent the development of the contracture. This suggests that the re-admission contracture follows calcium uptake by way of the Na/Ca exchange. 相似文献
1000.
BACKGROUND: Familial aggregation of gastric cancer has pointed out to a possible hereditary and genetic factor involved in the carcinogenesis of this disease. The diffuse type gastric cancer patients are frequently younger and the tumor has locally infiltrative growth pattern early in its development. Observation of families with frequent early onset gastric cancer has led to the identification of a novel gene implicated in gastric cancer susceptibility: CDH1/E-cadherin. Diffuse familiar gastric cancer is defined as any family presenting: two first-degree relatives with diffuse gastric cancer, one of them with age under 50 years or at least 3 first-degree relatives irrespective age of onset. CASE REPORT: The family reported by us does not fit in any of the classification proposed. The precise identification of these families by clinical and molecular tools is of great importance. The case reported is an example of a family that probably is a form of hereditary gastric cancer not yet fully understood. CONCLUSION: Soon there will be new criteria, possibly including genetic and molecular characteristics. 相似文献