Murine leukemia inhibitory factor enhances retroviral-vector infection efficiency of hematopoietic progenitors

We have investigated the in vitro effects of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on normal murine hematopoietic progenitors by measuring recovery and retroviral vector infection efficiency of 13-day posttransplant, spleen-colony-forming cell (CFU-S 13) in short-term culture. Up to a twofold increase in CFU-S13 recovery was observed, from 9.7 x 10(-5) cells in untreated controls to 17.8 to 19.5 x 10(-5) cells, depending on the concentration of LIF. Histologic analysis of spleen colonies from control and LIF-treated marrows demonstrated that there was no detectable alteration in the differentiative potential of CFU-S13. The efficiency of CFU-S13 infection was increased from 15% in untreated controls to 84% to 91% in LIF-treated marrows. Analysis of proviral integration sites in spleen colonies indicated that some CFU- S13 precursors were infected in the LIF-treated marrows.     

Copy number changes of the microcephalin 1 gene (MCPH1) in patients with autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a set of neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic aetiology. Chromosomal rearrangements have been detected in 5–10% of the patients with ASD, and recent applications of array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) are identifying further candidate regions and genes. In this study, we present four patients who implicate microcephalin 1 ( MCPH1) in band 8p23.1 as an ASD susceptibility gene. Patient 1 was a girl with a syndromic form of autistic disorder satisfying the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. Oligonucleotide aCGH (oaCGH) showed that she had a classic inv dup del(8)(qter-> p23.1::p23.1-> p21.2) containing at least three candidate genes; MCPH1 and DLGAP2 within the 6.9-Mb terminal deletion and NEF3 within the concomitant 14.1-Mb duplication. Three further patients with MCPH1 copy number changes were found using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis in a cohort of 54 families with ASD patients. Our results show that ASD can be a component of the classical inv dup del(8) phenotype and identify changes in copy number of MCPH1 as a susceptibility factor for ASD in the distal short arm of chromosome 8.     

Cost-utility analysis of genetic screening in families of patients with germline <Emphasis Type="Italic">MUTYH</Emphasis> mutations

Background  

MUTYH associated polyposis (MAP) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Carriers of bi-allelic MUTYH germline mutations have a risk of approximately 60% to develop colorectal carcinoma (CRC). In the general population about 1.5% is a heterozygous MUTYH mutation carrier. Children of MAP patients have an increased risk of inheriting two MUTYH mutations compared to the general population, implicating an increased risk for developing CRC.     

Analysis of vancomycin use and associated risk factors in a university teaching hospital: a prospective cohort study

Background  

Vancomycin use is considered inappropriate in most hospitals. A particular concern is the recent emergence of S. aureus with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, making it important to reduce overall exposure to vancomycin to minimize the incidence of VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci). The aim of this work was to analyze the use of vancomycin and the risk factors associated with inappropriate treatment.     

单向活瓣式补片治疗室缺合并重度肺动脉高压的临床研究

目的　探讨单向活瓣式补片在治疗室缺合并肺动脉高压中的作用。方法　自 2 0 0 1年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月应用单向活瓣式补片治疗室缺合并严重肺动脉高压患者 10例。平均肺动脉压为 6 0～ 90mmHg[(72± 11)mmHg],动脉血氧饱和度 0 .89～ 0 .95 (0 .92± 0 .0 4 )。结果　术后 4 8h均顺利脱离呼吸机 ,无早期死亡。随访 1～ 2 4个月 ,活瓣均已关闭 ,平均肺动脉压降至 15～ 30mmHg[(2 0± 5 )mmHg],动脉血氧饱和度升至 0 .95～ 0 .98(0 .96±0 .0 2 ) ,术后早期无肺高压危象发生 ,术后晚期症状均明显缓解消失。结论　单向活瓣式补片治疗室缺合并严重肺动脉高压 ,有利于渡过术后肺动脉高压危象期 ,能预防右心功能不全的发生 ,降低手术死亡率。     

表情肌肌纤维组织化学分型及分类研究

目的　对活体表情肌组织化学特点进行研究 ,为面部表情肌动态复活提供实验依据。方法　标本均取自头面颈部手术病人切口下方的表情肌 ,并在恒冷切片机中切片后进行组织化学染色 ,包括肌动球蛋白ATP酶 (M ATPase)及还原型辅酶Ⅰ 四唑氮蓝 (NADA TR) ,结果依靠计算机辅助图像分析。结果　各表情肌肌纤维直径在 2 4 3～ 6 3 9μm之间不等 ,表情肌中同一型肌纤维直径不相同 ,P <0 0 5 ,各表情肌中各型肌纤维数量分布不同。Ⅰ型肌纤维占 2 0 %以下为位移型肌肉 ;Ⅰ型肌纤维占 2 1%～ 40 %为中间型肌肉 ;Ⅰ型肌纤维占 40 %以上为张力型肌肉。结论　表情肌组织学及组织化学上的差别在面部神经肌肉修复中有一定的意义。     

两种紧急避孕方法比较性研究

目的 :比较不同低剂量米非司酮配伍米索前列醇与单服米非司酮用于紧急避孕的效果及其副反应。方法 :运用随机双盲多中心临床比较 ,研究 899例健康妇女在无保护性性交后 1 2 0 h内 ,随机分为 3组。组 (3 0 0例 ) :口服 2 5 mg米非司酮 ,2 4 h后口服 0 .2 mg米索前列醇 ;组 (2 99例 ) :口服 1 0 mg米非司酮 ,2 4 h后口服 0 .2 mg米索前列醇 ;组 (3 0 0例 ) :单服米非司酮 1 0 mg。按 Dixon法推算避孕有效率。结果 :899例妇女中总妊娠数 1 1例 :组 2例 ,组 2例 ,组 7例 ;方法失败 :组 1例 ,组 0例 ,组 5例 ;避孕有效率分别为 95 .5 %、1 0 0 %、76 .9%。组 加组 与组 相比有极显著差异 (P<0 .0 1 )。副反应较轻均可耐受 ,无严重副反应。米非司酮配伍米索前列醇与单服米非司酮组间副反应也无显著差异。结论 :应用低剂量米非司酮和米索前列醇作为紧急避孕是有效安全的紧急避孕方案 ,且对月经周期无明显干扰。     

非洲绿猴血液学和血清生化指标的测定及分析

目的检测50只健康非洲绿猴血液学、血清生化指标,分析不同性别、不同年龄段(青幼年组:1~3岁,成年组:4~6岁)非洲绿猴的血液学、血清生化指标的差异。方法应用全自动血细胞分析仪及血液生化分析仪分别测定清醒状态下健康非洲绿猴血液学及血清生化指标。结果血液学指标中青幼年组与成年组差异显著的指标有红细胞数(RBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、血细胞压积(HCT)、中性粒细胞百分比(NEUT%)、淋巴细胞百分比(LYMPH%)、单核粒细胞百分比(MONO%)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(BASO%)(P0.05)。青幼年组中雌猴与雄猴差异显著的指标有白细胞数(WBC)、RBC、HGB、HCT、NEUT%、LYMPH%、MONO%(P0.05),成年组中雌猴与雄猴差异显著的指标有HCT(P0.05),其它指标差异不显著。血清生化指标中青幼年组与成年组差异显著的指标有白蛋白(ALB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肌酐(CREA)(P0.05),青幼年组雌猴与雄猴差异显著的指标有CREA(P0.05),成年组雌猴与雄猴差异显著的指标有总蛋白(TP)、胆固醇(CHOL)(P0.05),其它指标差异不显著。结论本文初步建立了非洲绿猴的常规生物学数据,为评价其生物学特性及相关应用提供一定的数据基础,可供参考。     

ErbB receptors and fatty acid synthase expression in aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Oral Diseases (2010) 16 , 774–780 Summary: Overexpression of ErbB receptors is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) and seems to be correlated with tumor progression and metastasis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key lipogenic enzyme responsible for the endogenous synthesis of fatty acids, is regulated by ErbB2 and overexpressed in several human malignancies. Methods: This study was performed to examine the immunohistochemical expression patterns of ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, and FASN in a tissue microarray, containing 33 representative areas from aggressive primary HNSCC (whose patients had distant metastasis), and 21 matched lung metastasis. Results: Strong correlation among the expression of ErbB family receptors was found (ErbB1–ErbB2 P = 0.008, ErbB1‐ErbB4 P = 0.018, EbB2‐ErbB3 P = 0.001, ErbB2‐ErbB4 P = 0.006, ErbB3‐ErbB4 P = 0.012) in the HNSCC. FASN expression was significantly associated with ErbB2 (P = 0.024). Lymphatic permeation was correlated with ErbB3 (P = 0.033) and histological grade with ErbB4 staining (P = 0.050). ErbB1 and ErbB2 were found mainly in patients with smoking habit (P = 0.011 and P = 0.027), and ErbB2 was associated with alcohol consumption and clinical stage (P = 0.014 and P = 0.031). Finally, FASN was overexpressed in lung metastasis, in comparison with matched HNSCC samples (P = 0.006). Conclusions: The results showed that high FASN immunohistochemical expression is a feature of HNSCC lung metastasis, and ErbB1‐ErbB2, ErbB1‐ErbB4, ErbB2‐ErbB3, ErbB2‐ErbB4, and ErbB3‐ErbB4 expression levels are correlated in the respective primary tumors, being ErbB2 the preferred coexpression partner of all the other ErbB receptors.