Improving Black adolescent daughter-single mother relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.: A brief exploration of participant experiences

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Understand whether and how Black adolescent daughters’ relationships with their single mothers could be strengthened through an intervention to address...     

Parenting Interventions and Secondary Outcomes Related to Maternal Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Maternal and Child Health Journal - Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders can have far reaching negative impact on both maternal mental health and child growth and development. Multimodal group...     

Direct comparison of reproducibility and reliability in quantitative assessments of burn scar properties

IntroductionDetermining the efficacy of anti-scar technologies can be difficult as qualitative, subjective assessments are often utilized instead of systematic, objective measures. Perceptions regarding the reliability of instruments for quantitative measurements along with their high cost and increased data collection time may discourage their use, leading to use of scar scales which are relatively quick and low-cost. To directly evaluate the reliability of instruments for quantitative measurements of scar properties, instruments and two qualitative scales were compared by assessing a variety of cutaneous scars.MethodsScar height and surface texture were evaluated using a 3D scanner and a mold/cast technique. Scar color was evaluated by using a spectroscopy-based tool, the Mexameter®, and digital photography with image analysis. Scar biomechanics were evaluated using the BTC-2000?, Dermal Torque Meter (DTM®), and ballistometer®. The Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) were used to qualitatively evaluate the same scar properties. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine inter- and intra-user reliability (poor, moderate, good, excellent) with all instruments and the kappa reliability statistic was used to asses inter-user reliability (poor, fair, moderate, good, very good) for VSS and POSAS. Time for measurement collection and after collection analysis was also recorded.ResultsThe Mexameter® was the most reliable method for evaluating erythema and pigmentation compared to digital photography and image processing, POSAS and VSS. Digital photography and analysis was more reliable than POSAS and VSS. Assessment of scar height was significantly more reliable when using a 3D scanner versus VSS and POSAS. The 3D scanner and mold-cast techniques also offered an additional benefit of providing an absolute value of scar height relative to the surrounding tissue. Intra-user reliability for all mechanical tests was moderate to good. Inter-user reliability was greater when using the BTC-2000? and ballistometer® versus the DTM®. All quantitative measurements took less than 90 s for collection, with the exception of the mold/cast technique.ConclusionNon-invasive instruments allow scar properties to be quantitatively assessed with high sensitivity and as a function of time and/or treatment without the need for biopsy collection. Overall, the reliability of scar assessments was significantly improved when quantitative instruments were utilized versus scar scales. Quantitative assessment of color and biomechanics were swift, requiring less than 90 s per measurement while assessments of texture and height required additional analysis time after collection. With proper training of clinical staff and well-defined protocols for measurement collection, reliable, quantitative assessments of scar properties can be collected with little disruption to the clinical workflow.     

Diabetic foot ulcers: Epidemiology and the role of multidisciplinary care teams

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common but highly morbid complication of long-standing diabetes, carrying high rates of associated major amputation and mortality. As the global incidence of diabetes has increased, along with the lifespan of the diabetic patient, the worldwide burden of DFUs has grown steadily. Outcomes in diabetes and DFUs are known to depend strongly on social determinants of health, with worse outcomes noted in minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Effective treatment of DFUs is complex, requiring considerable expenditure of resources and significant cost to the health care system. Comprehensive care models with multidisciplinary teams have proven effective in the treatment of DFUs by decreasing barriers to care and increasing access to the multiple specialists required to provide timely and effective DFU procedural intervention, surveillance, and preventative care. Vascular surgeons are an integral part throughout the cycle of care for DFUs and should be involved early in the course of such patients to maximize their contributions to a multidisciplinary care model.     

Use of VA ECMO and percutaneous palliation of ductal dependent coarctation in a neonate with trisomy 21 and COVID-19 pneumonia

We present a case of a neonate with trisomy 21, ductal-dependent aortic coarctation, and severe respiratory failure secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The neonate was managed with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO), palliative stenting of the coarctation, and a vascular plug occlusion of a large patent ductus arteriosus. The patient was successfully weaned off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The patient is currently awaiting a definitive surgical repair in the near future.     

Biliary disease and cholecystectomy after initiation of elexacaftor/ivacaftor/tezacaftor in adults with cystic fibrosis

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have an increased risk for gallbladder abnormalities and biliary tract disease, but the reported incidence of these manifestations of CF varies widely in the literature. With the approval of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA), increasing numbers of CF patients have been initiated on highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy. While elevations in hepatic panel are known potential side effects of CFTR modulators, there have been no published cases of biliary disease or acute cholecystitis attributed to these medications. In this case series, we describe seven patients at two adult CF centers with biliary colic shortly after initiation with ELX/TEZ/IVA, six of whom required cholecystectomy.