Modulatory effect of seabuckthorn leaf extract on oxidative stress parameters in rats during exposure to cold, hypoxia and restraint (C-H-R) stress and post stress recovery

This study was carried out to examine the antioxidative potential, if any, of seabuckthorn leaf aqueous extract, administered orally in rats at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1) both in single and five doses, 30 min before cold (5 degrees C)-hypoxia (428 mm Hg)-restraint (C-H-R) exposure. The effect of the extract was studied on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in liver and gastrocnemius muscle of rats on attaining the rectal temperature (T(rec)) of 23 degrees C during C-H-R exposure and after recovery (T(rec)37 degrees C) from C-H-R-induced hypothermia. In untreated rats exposed to C-H-R, there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and muscle along with decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in liver and muscle. Single- and five-dose extract treatment restricted the increase in liver and muscle MDA levels and five doses of extract treatment further improved the levels of liver antioxidants, viz. reduced glutathione (GSH), on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) during exposure and recovery, normalized CAT activity in liver during C-H-R exposure and an increase on recovery of T(rec)37 degrees C. The decreasing pattern of liver and muscle GST levels both in single-dose and five-dose extract treated rats was similar to that in untreated rats. Results suggested that supplementation with seabuckthorn extract helps to reduce oxidative stress in liver and muscle of rats during C-H-R exposure and post-stress recovery.     

氢化阿托酸在大鼠体内立体选择性时间药代动力学

以余弦法分析氢化阿托酸(HTA)药代动力学参数证明,下列参数具有昼夜节律:标准明暗周期下,S(+)-HTA的T_1/2β和CL,R(-)-HTA的T_1/2β以及外消旋体的CL和MRT;反相明暗周期下,S(+)-HTA的T_1/2β和AUC,R(-)-体的CL以及外消旋体的CL。下列参数具有立体选择昼夜节律:标准明暗周期下,S(+)-HTA的CL,反相明暗周期下,S(+)-HTA的T_1/2β和AUC以及R(-)-HTA的CL。以外消旋体给药后,大鼠体内由R(-)-体向S(+)-体的转化过程,可出现昼夜节律,在两种明暗周期下,峰值相位均位于黑暗期之末,据此,提出HTA的清晨给药治疗方案。     

Neonatal duodenum: fluid-aided US examination

In 261 infants with vomiting, 11 duodenal abnormalities were diagnosed with fluid-aided ultrasound (US). These abnormalities included duodenal obstruction, malrotation with and without associated volvulus, incomplete rotation, and duodenal stenosis. US was the initial modality used in the evaluation of vomiting in these neonates and young infants. The overall sensitivity and specificity of fluid-aided US evaluation of duodenal abnormalities were 100% and 99%, respectively. (Workup bias limits the reliability of these figures.) Fluid-aided US examination of the stomach and duodenum provided a dynamic view of duodenal rotation and anatomy, and at the very least provided a method of triaging those infants who may require surgery, upper gastrointestinal series, or follow-up US to make a definitive diagnosis.     

Endometriosis detection by US with laparoscopic correlation

Endometriosis is a common cause of female infertility. It may affect as many as 40% of infertile women and may be the sole contributing factor to infertility in 15%. A study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of the routine pelvic ultrasound (US) examination in the detection of endometriosis by correlating pelvic US findings with laparoscopic findings in 85 patients who underwent both examinations. Forty-eight patients (56.5%) had no laparoscopic evidence of endometriosis, and 37 patients (43.6%) had endometriosis. Eight of the patients had abnormal sonograms; of these patients, only four had sonographic abnormalities that corresponded to laparoscopically identified endometriosis. Thus, US was successful in detecting endometriosis in only four (10.8%) of 37 patients. US is neither sensitive nor specific in diagnosing endometriosis. Furthermore, we believe that US does not have a significant role in the diagnosis or management of endometriosis in patients in whom a pelvic mass or other obvious pelvic abnormality is not suspected.