Assessment of smoking behaviour in the dental setting. A study comparing self-reported questionnaire data and exhaled carbon monoxide levels

The present study validated the accuracy of data from a self-reported questionnaire on smoking behaviour with the use of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) level measurements in two groups of patients. Group 1 included patients referred to an oral medicine unit, whereas group 2 was recruited from the daily outpatient service. All patients filled in a standardized questionnaire regarding their current and former smoking habits. Additionally, exhaled CO levels were measured using a monitor. A total of 121 patients were included in group 1, and 116 patients were included in group 2. The mean value of exhaled CO was 7.6?ppm in the first group and 9.2?ppm in the second group. The mean CO values did not statistically significantly differ between the two groups. The two exhaled CO level measurements taken for each patient exhibited very good correlation (Spearman's coefficient of 0.9857). Smokers had a mean difference of exhaled CO values of 13.95?ppm (p?<?0.001) compared to non-smokers adjusted for the first or second group. The consumption of one additional pack year resulted in an increase in CO values of 0.16?ppm (p?=?0.003). The consumption of one additional cigarette per day elevated the CO measurements by 0.88?ppm (p?<?0.001). Based on these results, the correlations between the self-reported smoking habits and exhaled CO values are robust and highly reproducible. CO monitors may offer a non-invasive method to objectively assess current smoking behaviour and to monitor tobacco use cessation attempts in the dental setting.     

7例孤立性骨浆细胞瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨孤立性骨浆细胞瘤的诊断和治疗,总结其临床特点,以提高临床诊治水平.方法 收集中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院白2007年4月至2011年6月收治7例孤立性骨浆细胞瘤患者的临床资料并对其临床特点、诊断标准及治疗和预后作一回顾性分析.结果 所有病例均经病理证实为骨浆细胞瘤并符合孤立性骨浆细胞瘤的诊断标准,其中1例伴POEMS综合征(多神经病、器官巨大症、内分泌病、M蛋白和皮肤病变综合征),1例术后6个月出现多处骨转移.所有患者治疗后随访1~13个月,平均随访时间为4个月.其中5例患者预后良好,随访期间未出现病情进展.结论 孤立性骨浆细胞瘤好发于中老年,是少见的低度恶性肿瘤.主要依靠病理确诊,手术结合适当剂量的放疗是其治疗的最佳手段.     

Oct-2、Bob.1在肺结核组织B细胞中的表达及其意义

目的探讨肺结核组织B细胞中Oct-2、Bob.1的表达与机体免疫的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学检测20例肺结核组织B细胞中Oct-2、Bob.1的表达情况。结果 (1)在肺结核组织生发中心的B细胞中Oct-2和Bob.1主要表达在细胞核;在无形成生发中心聚集的B细胞中,细胞核和细胞浆均呈阳性;(2)肺结核组织B细胞中Oct-2阳性的细胞数明显少于Bob.1阳性的细胞数,Oct-2和Bob.1阳性率分别为:10.8%、65.6%;(3)形成生发中心的肺结核组织B细胞中Oct-2和Bob.1阳性的细胞数明显高于无生发中心形成的肺结核组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺结核组织B细胞Oct-2表达低下和/或Oct-2、Bob.1表达不一致可能导致B细胞在发育过程中未能形成生发中心。     

异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变1例报告并文献复习

目的:报告1例罕见异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变病例,提高对本病的诊治水平。方法:回顾分析异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的病例的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,探讨异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变的发病机制、诊断及治疗。结果:经腹切除巨大囊肿及右侧异位恶变睾丸,左侧隐睾行下降固定,病理示"右异位中肾管囊肿,右侧异位睾丸精原细胞瘤",随访1年无转移。结论:异位中肾管囊肿合并异位睾丸恶变极为罕见,影像学检查可协助诊断,但最终需病理确诊,应早期行手术切除。后续治疗取决于隐睾恶变的病理类型及分期。     

Antimicrobial activity of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on bacteria involved in oral malodour

ObjectiveTo investigate the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin-producing strain Streptococcus salivarius K12 against several bacteria involved in halitosis.DesignThe inhibitory activity of S. salivarius K12 against Solobacterium moorei CCUG39336, four clinical S. moorei isolates, Atopobium parvulum ATCC33793 and Eubacterium sulci ATCC35585 was examined by a deferred antagonism test. Eubacterium saburreum ATCC33271 and Parvimonas micra ATCC33270, which have been tested in previous studies, served as positive controls, and the Gram-negative strain Bacteroides fragilis ZIB2800 served as a negative control. Additionally, the occurrence of resistance in S. moorei CCUG39336 to S. salivarius K12 was analysed by either direct plating or by passage of S. moorei CCUG39336 on chloroform-inactived S. salivarius K12-containing agar plates.ResultsS. salivarius K12 suppressed the growth of all Gram-positive bacteria tested, but the extent to which the bacteria were inhibited varied. E. sulci ATCC35585 was the most sensitive strain, while all five S. moorei isolates were inhibited to a lesser extent. Natural resistance seems to be very low in S. moorei CCUG39336, and there was only a slight decrease in sensitivity after exposure to S. salivarius K12 over 10 passages.ConclusionOur studies demonstrate that S. salivarius K12 has antimicrobial activity against bacteria involved in halitosis. This strain might be an interesting and valuable candidate for the development of an antimicrobial therapy for halitosis.     

A new method for cerclage wire fixation to maximal pre-tension with minimal elongation to failure

Objective. To develop and test a new cerclage wire tightening technique, yielding reproducibly maximal pre-tension, load to failure and minimal elongation to failure of the wire junction.

Design. Laboratory bench study.

Background. Cerclage wire fixation is difficult to perform by hand with reproducible quality and tightening tension, which are required for optimal performance.

Methods. With the new technique, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mm steel wires were passed through a 9 × 18 mm steel tube, grasped using a modified ASIF wire-tightener and tightened by twisting until spontaneous failure of the wires in the tube. These fixations were compared to wires pre-tightened by hand to controlled high or low pre-tension using the simple twist, the knot twist and twist secured against untwisting, loaded to failure on a testing machine. The tests assessed pre-tension, ultimate failure load and elongation to failure.

Results. Wire twists performed with the new technique were always perfectly symmetrical and may be tightened to maximal pre-tension without weakening of the wire. The twist secured against untwisting combined high stiffness with high failure load.

The knot twist elongates to an unacceptable degree, unlike the secured twist. The simple twist untwists under little tension.

Conclusions. The new technique allows to obtain maximal pre-tension and thus minimal elongation to failure of simple wire twists, without having to worry about breaking the wire at the base of the twist due to over-tightening.Relevance

Cerclage wire fixation is an effective and cheap method to perform osteosynthesis. For adequate performance, maximal pre-tension, symmetrical twisting and high load to failure are necessary. The here presented technique combines all of these pre-requisites in a simple fashion.     

肠道转运蛋白与中药有效成分的吸收

本文介绍了肠道主要转运蛋白的种类、结构、分布部位、底物、抑制剂或诱导剂,中药成分可作为肠道转运蛋白的底物、抑制剂或诱导剂影响其他药物在肠道中的吸收。有些中药间的配伍通过影响转运蛋白的作用,从而影响有效成分在肠道的吸收。     

2型糖尿病患者自我效能影响因素分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者自我效能的影响因素。方法2014年1~2月,从某社区卫生服务中心随机抽取372例2型糖尿病患者,进行糖尿病自我效能量表测量;采用单因素方差分析寻找自我效能的影响因素,将有统计学意义的因素运用多元回归进行统计学分析。结果该糖尿病人群自我效能得分为（99.02±16.06）分,59.9%处于中等水平;糖尿病教育、干预措施、医保类型、合并高脂血症为2型糖尿病自我效能的影响因素。结论2型糖尿病患者的自我效能有待改善,需加强2型糖尿病患者尤其合并高脂血症者的自我管理教育。     

Rigid membranes of Malayan ovalocytes: a likely genetic barrier against malaria

A high frequency of nonhemolytic hereditary ovalocytosis in Malayan aborigines is thought to result from reduced susceptibility of affected individuals to malaria. Indeed, Kidson et al. recently showed that ovalocytes from Melanesians in Papua New Guinea are resistant to infection in culture by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In order to determine if protection against parasitic invasion in these ovalocytes might be the result of some altered membrane material property in these unusual cells, we measured their membrane and cellular deformability characteristics using an ektacytometer . Ovalocytic red cells were found to be much less deformable in comparison to normal discoid red cells. Similar measurements on isolated membrane preparations revealed a marked reduction in ovalocytic membrane deformability. To produce equal deformation of ovalocytic and normal membranes, ovalocytes required an 8-10-fold increase in applied shear stress, indicating that their membrane was capable of deforming under sufficient stress. To test the possibility that this increased membrane rigidity might confer resistance to parasitic invasion, we performed an in vitro invasion assay using Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and Malayan ovalocytes of varying deformability from seven different donors. The level of infection of the ovalocytes ranged from 1% to 35% of that in control cells, and the extent of inhibition appeared to be closely related to the reduction in membrane deformability. Moreover, we were able to induce similar resistance to parasitic invasion in nonovalocytic normal red cells by increasing their membrane rigidity with graded exposure to a protein crosslinking agent. Our findings suggest that resistance to parasite invasion of Malayan ovalocytes is the result of a genetic mutation that causes increased membrane rigidity.     

丙肝相关性肝癌根治术后复发规律及危险因素分析

目的：分析丙肝相关性肝癌（HCV-HCC）根治术后复发规律及相关危险因素,探讨针对复发时相的个体化临床干预。 方法：回顾98例行HCV-HCC根治术的患者临床病理资料,分析患者根治术后复发规律,对复发的可能影响因素进行单因素及多因素分析,并对病毒因素进行分层分析。 结果：全组根治术后有2个复发高峰,以24个月为界分为早、晚期;COX比例风险模型分析显示,肿瘤低分化、镜下微血管侵犯为术后早期复发的独立危险因素（P<0.001）,病毒载量为晚期复发的独立危险因素（P=0.013）;术后病毒载量持续阴性患者无瘤生存期明显长于术后持续高病毒载量或病毒载量不稳定者（P<0.001）。 结论：HCV-HCC根治术后早、晚期复发影响因素不同;早期复发率较高,预防性TACE可改善早期复发高危者预后;术后抗病毒治疗可改善远期疗效。