跨步或不跨步下的前弓步和侧弓步动作中的髌股关节压力与应力(二)

结果 髌股关节的压力与应力随膝关节屈曲角度的增加而升高,随膝关节屈曲角度的减小而降低(图3～8).不同膝关节屈曲角度下弓步变化和跨步变化的髌股关节压力见表1.     

The ageing hand. A study to evaluate the chronological ageing process of the hand.

The rejuvenation of the hand has received increased attention recently. Although many different methods have been advocated, only little is known about the chronological ageing process of the Caucasian hand. A qualitative study was performed to evaluate ageing changes. One hundred and forty-three volunteers were enrolled. Standardised pictures of both hands were obtained and evaluated by one observer in regard to wrinkling pattern, visibility of subcutaneous structures and trophic changes. We found that both males and females showed a distinct progression of the wrinkling pattern. Dorsal veins and age spots increased with age whereas the wrinkle-wrinkle distance decreased. Contrary to common belief, significant joint thickening of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint could not be confirmed. Hand ageing is a three-dimensional process that involves osseous and subcutaneous structures as well as the skin. Despite the increased interest in rejuvenation, a baseline study describing the chronological changes with ageing in the hand is still missing. Our findings will help to define the ageing process in Caucasians.     

Nuclear imaging of molecular processes in cancer

Molecular imaging using radionuclides has brought about the possibility to image a wide range of molecular processes using radiotracers injected into the body at very low concentrations that should not perturb the processes being studied. Examples include specific peptide receptor expression, angiogenesis, multi drug resistance, hypoxia, glucose metabolism, and many others. This article presents an overview, aimed at the non-specialist in imaging, of the radionuclide imaging technologies positron emission tomography and single photon radionuclide imaging, and some of the molecules labeled with gamma- and positron-emitting radioisotopes that have been, or are being, developed for research and clinical applications in cancer.     

Complications of Bothrops, Porthidium, and Bothriechis snakebites in Colombia. A clinical and epidemiological study of 39 cases attended in a university hospital.

The clinical and epidemiological features, as well as complications presented by 39 patients with Bothrops, Porthidium and Bothriechis snakebites, are described. Patients were admitted during 1 year in 25 hospitals of Antioquia and Chocó and then, they were transferred to the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl in Medellín, 30 of them because of the presence of complications, eight because of lack of antivenoms and another one because of the desire of his relatives. Thirty--one (79.5%) of the patients were male, 13 (33.3%) children, 59% of them were bitten at the lower extremities, the majority (74.4%) by Bothrops asper. Twenty-one (53.8%) of the patients were initially attended by traditional healers and sought medical attention at the local hospitals after 2h in 87.2% of the cases. Edema (100%), hemorrhage (74.4%), blistering (38.5%) and necrosis (38.5%), were the local signs of envenomation, while blood coagulation alteration (79.5%), hematuria (74.4%), gingival bleeding (43.6%), hypovolemic shock (23.1%) and oliguria (23.1%), were the systemic signs of envenomation. The final grade of envenomation was severe in 29 patients (74.4%). Thirty patients (76.9%) had one or more complications of the envenomation: acute renal failure (ARF), 15 (38.5%); soft-tissue infection, 12 (30.8%); central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage, 5 (12.8%); compartment syndrome, 3 (7.7%); soft--tissue hematomas, 6 (15.4%); and Abruptio placentae, one (2.6%). There were four deaths (10.3%), two from ARF and two from cerebral hemorrhage. Fourteen other patients (35.9%) had sequelae. The onset of serotherapy after 2h of the bite was associated with the occurrence of ARF and CNS hemorrhage (p=0.02), as well as the risk of death and sequelae (RR=2.5).     

A systematic review and meta-analysis: probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Background  

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder and the evidence for efficacy of most drug therapies in the treatment of IBS is weak. A popular alternative is probiotics, which have been used in several conditions. including IBS. Probiotics are live microbial food supplements.     

Polimorfimos en genes de respuesta inflamatoria en cáncer renal metastásico

Inflammation has been implicated as an etiological factor in different human cancers. Allelic variations in the genes implicated in inflammation are candidates as genetic determinants or markers of renal carcinoma risk. The present study investigates whether polymorphisms of the genes that give rise to increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines are associated with an increased risk of renal carcinoma. To this effect, a number of case-control studies were designed to assess the correlation between renal carcinoma and polymorphisms il10-1082 a/g (rs 1800896), il10-592 a/c (rs 1800872), il10-819 c/t (rs 1800871), il10-1082 a/g, il4-590 c/t (rs 2243250), tnf-a-308 a/g (rs 1800629), rantes-403 g/a (rs 2107538), il1-a-889 c/t (rs 1800587), mcp-1 2518 g/a (rs 1024611), ctla-4/+49 a/g (rs 231775) and ctla-4 ct60 a/g (rs 3087243) in 127 renal carcinoma patients and in 176 healthy subjects.The results obtained in relation to cytokine polymorphism il-10-1082 a/g indicate that ag heterozygosity status is the principal risk factor in relation to locally advanced or metastatic tumor stage and renal carcinoma. in the case of the molecule ctla4, the results obtained in renal cancer reveal an association between the polymorphisms of the ctla-4 gene and an increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma. a high genotypic frequency of polymorphisms ctla4/ct60-aa and ctla4/a49g-aa is observed in patients with renal cell carcinoma versus the controls. an association has been established between polymorphism ctla4/ct60 and tumor grade in patients with renal cell carcinoma. logistic regression analysis has confirmed these data, demonstrating a high frequency of the aa genotype in patients with high-grade tumors.The results obtained support the hypothesis that different genetic factors implicated in the regulation of adaptive immune responses, stromal cell composition and local cytokine production levels may be crucial elements in the modification of the clinicopathological parameters of renal carcinoma.     

VDAC and ERα interaction in caveolae from human cortex is altered in Alzheimer's disease

Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is a mitochondrial porin also found in the neuronal membrane (pl-VDAC), where its function may be related to redox homeostasis and apoptosis. Murine models have evidenced pl-VDAC into caveolae in a complex with estrogen receptor alpha (mERα), which participates in neuroprotection against amyloid beta (Aβ), and whose integration into this hydrophobic domain remains unclear. Here, we have demonstrated in caveolae of human cortex and hippocampus the presence of pl-VDAC and mERα, in a complex with scaffolding caveolin-1 which likely provides mERα stability at the plasma membrane. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, VDAC was accumulated in caveolae, and it was observed in dystrophic neurites of senile plaques, whereas ERα was expressed in astrocytes surrounding the plaques. Together with previous data in murine neurons demonstrating the participation of pl-VDAC in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, these data suggest that the channel may be involved in membrane dysfunctioning observed in AD neuropathology.