Eccentric Mastectomy and Zigzag Periareolar Incision for Gynecomastia

Background  Gynecomastia is enlargement of the male breast caused by gland proliferation. Surgery is performed for symptom relief or for cosmetic reasons. The authors used a modified operative procedure, then evaluated the results and safety. Methods  Between 2001 and 2005, 22 men (median age, 26 years; range, 13–63 years) with gynecomastia underwent surgery. The operative procedure included a zigzag periareolar skin incision, eccentric subcutaneous mastectomy, and liposuction, with postoperative compression. Results  All the patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery, which produced a chest contour resembling a normal male chest rather than simply a smaller breast. The only complication was a hematoma. One patient was found to have breast cancer. Conclusions  The normal male chest contour can be restored by the described method of eccentric subcutaneous mastectomy.     

臂丛损伤神经干细胞脊髓前角移植后分化情况及对运动神经元的保护作用

目的观察臂丛根性撕脱伤后将脊髓源性神经干细胞(neuralstemcell,NSC)移植于脊髓前角后的存活、分化情况及对脊髓前角受损运动神经元的保护作用。方法取新生鼠脊髓,分离获得脊髓源性神经干细胞,体外培养、扩增、鉴定、5溴2-脱氧尿苷(BrdU)标记。取SD大鼠60只,随机分成实验组、对照组和单纯组。从后路制备C5~C7臂丛神经根性撕脱伤动物模型。实验组移植神经干细胞于C6脊髓前角,对照组移植灭活神经干细胞,单纯组不作移植。术后1、2、4、8、12周取脊髓标本进行组织学与免疫组化染色观察。结果神经干细胞移植入脊髓后能存活、分化;臂丛根性撕脱伤后脊髓前角运动神经元数目明显减少;实验组神经干细胞移植后2、4、8、12周各个时间点运动神经元的存活率均高于对照组和单纯组。结论臂丛根性撕脱伤脊髓前角神经干细胞移植后能存活并分化为神经元及星型胶质细胞,脊髓源性神经干细胞移植能明显减少前角运动神经元的继发性死亡,对脊髓前角受损运动神经元有保护作用。     

Study of telomerase activity in pleural lavage fluid specimens in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer and its clinical significance

Objective: To detect telomerase activity in pleural lavage fluid specimens in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to evaluate its clinical value. Methods: From July 2005 to May 2007, 167 pleural lavage fluid specimens were obtained from 135 patients with NSCLC and 32 patients with benign lung tumour during operation. Telomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity in these specimens. Pleural lavage cytology (PLC) analysis of the pleural lavage fluid specimens was used for comparison. All the above specimens were examined within 3 h. Results: The positive rate of telomerase activity and PLC in pleural lavage fluid from patients with NSCLC was 25.2% (34/135) and 8.1% (11/135), respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Telomerase activity was detected in all 11 specimens with positive cytological examination. Telomerase activity was negative in all 32 patients with benign lung tumour. There was a significant relationship between telomerase activity and pleural extension, T level, N level as well as the clinical TNM (tumour, node, metastasis) stage of lung cancer. A significant association was found between positive telomerase activity and overall survival rate, even stage I survival rate. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that telomerase activity, as well as PLC and the TNM stage were independent predictors of prognosis. Conclusion: Telomerase activity is a useful adjunct for cytological method in the diagnosis of pleural micro-metastasis and was related to prognosis in a patient with NSCLC.     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

Esophageal perforation complicating with spinal epidural abscess,iatrogenic or secondary to first thoracic spine fracture?

Summary A 49-year-old drunken man was involved in a motorbike crash. He presented with cervical spine injury and multiple limbs fracture. Neuro-imaging demonstrated disruption of the C5–6 anterior longitudinal ligament, herniation of C3–4 and C5–6 discs, and Th1 compression fracture. The neurological deficits improved after anterior cervical decompression, fusion and fixation. One week later, he suffered from fever and severe upper back pain, and he developed paraplegia subsequently. The following image study disclosed esophageal perforation at the level of Th1 and epidural abscess spreading from levels Th1 to Th5. After proper management and rehabilitation, he achieved good recovery one year later at follow-up.We report the unique case of Th1 fracture with esophageal perforation complicated with spinal epidural abscess. The possible mechanism and the controversy concerning therapy for esophageal perforation are discussed.     

Inhibition of nitric oxide can ameliorate apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression in bacteria infected chondrocytes in vitro.

Bacterial infection stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in chondrocytes. However, the role of NO in chondrocyte apoptosis after infection remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to test if inhibition of NO could ameliorate apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression in bacteria-infected chondrocytes. It was shown that pre-treating chondrocytes with L-NAME (1 mM) significantly decreased the release of NO (from 72 to 14 microM) and the extent of apoptosis (from 52.9% to 18.9%). Pre-treatment with L-NAME also counteracted the bacteria-induced downregulation of Type II collagen (from 26% to 79%) and aggrecan (from 63% to 105%) mRNA levels. Inhibition of NO after the induction of infection could not decrease the extent of apoptosis and modulate matrix protein gene expression. The results of this study support the hypothesis that NO has an important role in bacteria-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Pre-treatment but not post-treatment could ameliorate the extent of apoptosis and reestablish the cartilage matrix protein gene expression. This study suggests that in addition to NO, other mechanisms may be responsible for the sustained destruction of articular cartilage in the post-infectious arthropathy.     

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on ventilatory and oxygenation parameters during pressure-controlled one-lung ventilation

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PEEP on oxygenation and airway pressures during PCV-OLV. DESIGN: Randomized, crossover, clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five patients undergoing thoracotomy. INTERVENTIONS: During the first 5 minutes of OLV, all patients were ventilated with VCV (PEEP: 0) (VCV-ZEEP). Afterward, ventilation was changed to PCV with PEEP: 0 (PCV-ZEEP) or PEEP: 4 cmH2O (PCV-PEEP) for 20 minutes. In the following 20 minutes, PCV-PEEP and PCV-ZEEP were applied in reverse sequence. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the end of VCV-ZEEP airway pressures (peak airway pressure, plateau airway pressure, mean airway pressure, and pause airway pressure) were recorded. At the end of PCV-PEEP and PCV-ZEEP airway pressures, PaO2 and Qs/Qt were recorded. Ppeak and Pplat were significantly lower with PCV-PEEP compared with VCV-ZEEP (eg, Ppeak: 33.4+/-4.2, 28.3+/-4.1, and 28.9+/-3.7 cmH2O in VCV-ZEEP, PCV-ZEEP, and PCV-PEEP, respectively; p<0.05 for PCV-ZEEP v VCV-ZEEP and PCV-PEEP v VCV-ZEEP). PCV-PEEP was associated with an increased PaO2 (230.3+/-69.8 v 189.0+/-54.8 mmHg, p<0.05) and decreased Qs/Qt (33.4%+/-7.3% v 38.4%+/-5.7%, p<0.05) compared with PCV-ZEEP (mean+/-SD). Eighty-eight percent of the patients have benefited from PEEP. CONCLUSION: During OLV, PCV with a low level of PEEP leads to improved oxygenation with lower airway pressures.     

小儿麻醉医师迈向围术期医师理念的培养

随着现代医学的飞速发展,麻醉学正向围术期医学转变。培养小儿麻醉医师向围术期医师转变的理念,需要在了解儿童病理生理特点的前提下,重点培训小儿麻醉术前访视、术中麻醉相关技能、术后访视、围术期疼痛相关管理及心理创伤的预防与治疗。让患儿安全舒适地度过围术期、减少术后并发症及死亡率、改善远期预后,是每位小儿围术期医师的责任。     

瘢痕子宫再次妊娠阴道分娩的临床分析

目的 分析瘢痕子宫再次妊娠经阴道分娩的产程特点及母婴结局。方法 分析2019年3月1日至2020年2月29日在泰州市人民医院产科收治的瘢痕子宫再次妊娠后孕足月经阴道分娩者30例（瘢痕子宫组）,并收集同期孕足月自然临产经阴道分娩的初产妇30例（初产组）及经产妇30例（经产组）,比较分析三组产妇的产程特点、新生儿结局及产后出血情况。结果 瘢痕子宫组分娩成功率90%（27/30）。瘢痕子宫组的第一产程、第二产程均短于初产组（P<0.05）且均长于经产组（P<0.05）;而第三产程、新生儿出生体重、Apgar 1 min评分、产妇产后住院时间方面,三组均无显著差异（P>0.05）;瘢痕子宫组的产后2 h、24 h出血量,多于初产组及经产组,差异均有显著性（P<0.05）;经产组产后2 h出血量多于初产组（P<0.05）,而两组产后24 h出血量无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠经阴道分娩具有一定的安全性和可行性,需严格把握试产标准,产程中须严密监测,并做好产后出血的预防处理措施。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后直肠阴道瘘原因与防治

本文通过分析近5年来我院18例女性直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后直肠阴道痿的临床资料。发现直肠阴道痿多发生于中低位直肠癌行全直肠系膜切除保肛手术的患者。痿的发生与肿瘤的位置、肿瘤的分期、肿瘤距肛门口的距离．以及手术技巧、手术难度、引流方法有关。而与是否进行预防性造口，以及是否采用腹腔镜手术无关。预防上强调应重视术中直肠前壁的锐性分离、结肠直肠吻合以及术后盆腔的负压引流。治疗上应首先进行保守治疗，即肠内营养，阴道冲洗。早期配合肠外营养、及全身或局部抗炎治疗，大部分直肠阴道痿通过保守治疗可以治愈。保守治疗无效时考虑结肠或回肠末端造口。若长期不愈应考虑吻合口肿瘤复发的可能。