护生护理安全意识调查及对策

[目的]了解护生护理安全意识现状，以便采取教育措施。[方法]采用自行设计表格对69名护生进行问卷调查。[结果]护生普遍缺乏护理安全知识和防范措施。护理安全知识来源于学校教育仅为22．1％，绝大多数护理安全知识来源于临床带教老师。[结论]护理基础教育中相关法律教育内容偏少，需通过增设法制教育课程，提高在校护生的法制观念；强化临床实习阶段护理安全知识教育，以提高护生护理安全意识和防范措施。     

青少年近视的健康教育

近视眼是眼科的一种常见眼疾,青少年极易罹患.据统计,我院屈光门诊2005年1月-2005年10月就诊的886例近视眼病人中,10岁～25岁的青少年就高达771例,占总数的87%,并有逐年上升的趋势.因此,青少年近视的健康教育是医务工作者责无旁贷的责任,对提高我国人口素质有重要意义.现将在青少年近视矫正工作中实施健康教育的方法和内容报告如下.病人,达到以点带面的效果.     

原发性免疫性血小板减少症患者血浆高迁移率族蛋白B1的表达及其与CD4+T淋巴细胞表面TLR4受体的关系

目的 检测原发性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)患者血浆高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、干扰素(IFN)-γ、白细胞介素(IL)4和CD4+T细胞表面Toll样受体4(TLR4)表达的变化,研究其在ITP发病中的意义.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测24例ITP患者和20例正常人血浆中HMGB1、IFN-γ、IL-4的水平,利用流式细胞仪分析外周血CD4+T细胞表面TLR4受体的表达率,分析HMGB1与TLR4及IFN-γ、IL-4之间的关系.结果 ITP患者血浆HMGB1水平明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),IL-4水平明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05),IFN-γ水平与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);ⅡR4受体的表达明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);HMGB1与IL-4、TLR4水平呈正相关(P＜0.05),与IFN-γ水平呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论 ITP中存在血浆HMGB和CD4+T细胞表面TLR4受体的高表达,两者可能通过HMGB1/TLR4通路影响T淋巴细胞细胞因子的分泌.     

FAT4 functions as a tumour suppressor in gastric cancer by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling

Background:

FAT4, a cadherin-related protein, was shown to function as a tumour suppressor; however, its role in human gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of FAT4 in gastric cancer and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods:

The expression of FAT4 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT–PCR in relation to the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer patients. The effects of FAT4 silencing on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) assay, and migration and invasion assays in gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model in vivo.

Results:

Downregulation of FAT4 expression in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues was correlated with lymph-node metastasis and poor survival. Knockdown of FAT4 promoted the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, and induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric cancer cells, as demonstrated by the upregulation and downregulation of mesenchymal and epithelial markers. Silencing of FAT4 promoted tumour growth and metastasis in a gastric cancer xenograft model in vivo.

Conclusions:

FAT4 has a tumour suppressor role mediated by the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, providing potential novel targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.     

Ergosterol purified from medicinal mushroom Amauroderma rude inhibits cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by up-regulating multiple tumor suppressors

We have previously screened thirteen medicinal mushrooms for their potential anti-cancer activities in eleven different cell lines and found that the extract of Amauroderma rude exerted the highest capacity in inducing cancer cell death. The current study aimed to purify molecules mediating the anti-cancer cell activity. The extract of Amauroderma rude was subject to fractionation, silica gel chromatography, and HPLC. We purified a compound and identified it as ergosterol by EI-MS and NMR, which was expressed at the highest level in Amauroderma rude compared with other medicinal mushrooms tested. We found that ergosterol induced cancer cell death, which was time and concentration dependent. In the in vivo experiment, normal mice were injected with murine cancer cell line B16 that is very aggressive and caused mouse death severely. We found that treatment with ergosterol prolonged mouse survival. We found that ergosterol-mediated suppression of breast cancer cell viability occurred through apoptosis and that ergosterol up-regulated expression of the tumor suppressor Foxo3. In addition, the Foxo3 down-stream signaling molecules Fas, FasL, BimL, and BimS were up-regulated leading to apoptosis in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Our results suggest that ergosterol is the main anti-cancer ingredient in Amauroderma rude, which activated the apoptotic signal pathway. Ergosterol may serve as a potential lead for cancer therapy.     

微创针刀镜在痛风治疗中的应用价值

痛风发病率逐年上升,尚无根治方法,长期发作将导致关节破坏,严重影响生活质量。传统秋水仙碱,非甾体抗炎药治疗疗效欠佳。我们采用微创针刀镜治疗,以西医解剖、手术为基础,中医理论为指导,融合现代医学内窥镜与传统医学小针刀及微创外科技术,激发经气,疏通经络,解除粘连,常以膝关节内外膝眼穴、踝关节昆仑、照海穴为定位点,进入关节后,分解、剥离、刮铲,与小针刀相似,疗效显著。     

五行人体质理论与卒中后抑郁关系初探

卒中后抑郁是脑卒中后常见的并发症,不仅严重影响患者的生存质量,还不利于神经功能的恢复。为更好的指导卒中后抑郁的诊疗,本文将对五行人体质理论与卒中后抑郁的关系做个初步探寻。     

两种体外培养兔膀胱变移上皮细胞方法的比较

目的 比较组织贴块法和酶消化法体外培养兔膀胱变移上皮细胞的优缺点,探索简单、高效培养膀胱变移上皮细胞的方法,为膀胱组织工程种子细胞的培养提供实验基础。方法 采用组织贴块法和酶消化进行兔膀胱变移上皮细胞体外培养,相差显微镜下观察其生长特点,应用细胞免疫荧光染色对细胞进行鉴定,测定细胞生长曲线了解细胞生长的基本规律。结果 培养的细胞具有上皮细胞的典型形态,生长曲线呈“S”形,角蛋白（CKAE1/AE3）单克隆抗体免疫荧光染色阳性,波形蛋白染色阴性。结论 组织贴块法和酶消化法均能成功培养出兔膀胱变移上皮细胞。组织贴块法原代培养时间长,但是成功率高。酶消化法可以在较短时间内获取大量细胞,但是操作步骤多,细胞容易污染或损伤。     

Differences between the Vastus Lateralis and Gastrocnemius Lateralis in the Assessment Ability of Breakpoints of Muscle Oxygenation for Aerobic Capacity Indices During an Incremental Cycling Exercise

In recent years, breakpoints (Bp) of muscle oxygenation have been measured in local muscles using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess (predict) systemic aerobic capacity indices [lactate threshold (LT), gas exchange threshold (GET) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2peak)]. We investigated muscular differences in the assessment (predictive) ability of the Bp of muscle oxygenation for aerobic capacity indices during incremental cycling exercise on the aerobic capacity indices. Thirty-one active college students were recruited for an incremental cycling exercise test, during which NIRS muscle oxygenation in the vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), blood lactate concentration and cardiopulmonary variables were measured simultaneously in a multi-modality approach. A linear regression model was used to analyse the relationship between the Bp of the muscle oxygenation index (OI) and the systemic aerobic capacity indices. The Bp of the muscle OI in both the VL (BpVL) and GL (BpGL) were significantly correlated with the aerobic capacity indices. Additionally, the BpVL had a better goodness-of-fit [higher coefficient of determination (R², p < 0.001) and lower root mean squared error (RMSE, p < 0.03)] in the linear regressions and occurred earlier than the BpGL. In conclusion, both the BpVL and the BpGL could be measured by NIRS to assess the systemic aerobic capacity indices; however, there were muscular differences in the assessment ability of the Bp of muscle oxygenation.

Key points

• The breakpoints (Bp) of muscle oxygenation index in both vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) could be detected to indicate the breaking up of the oxygen supply-consumption balance by NIRS.
• The Bp of muscle oxygenation index in both VL (BpVL) and GL (BpGL) were significantly correlated with the systemic aerobic capacity indices.
• The BpVL owned higher assessment (predictive) ability when the Bp (BpVL and BpGL) of muscle oxygenation index was used to assess (predict) systemic aerobic capacity indices.

Key words: Maximal incremental exercise test, aerobic capacity index, assessment ability, near infrared spectroscopy, linear regression.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者B淋巴细胞凋亡研究

目的探讨B淋巴细胞在特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)发病机制中的作用。方法用流式细胞术检测ITP患者外周血B淋巴细胞表面Fas蛋白、FasL蛋白以及胞浆内抗凋亡蛋白bcl2的表达水平。结果ITP患者外周血中B淋巴细胞表面Fas和FasL蛋白表达与对照组相比无统计学意义,B淋巴细胞胞浆内bcl2的表达水平高于正常人(P<0.05)。结论B淋巴细胞凋亡受抑可能参与ITP自身免疫的发病机制。