米诺环素对压力作用下体外培养视网膜神经细胞凋亡的抑制

目的 观察米诺环素对压力系统作用下大鼠视网膜神经细胞(RNs)的活性及凋亡的影响，探讨其对受损RNs保护的可能机制。 方法 制备大鼠RNs体外加压培养模型，通过细胞形态学观察、四唑盐（MTT）比色法测定细胞活力、吖啶橙/溴化乙锭（AO/EB）染色法检测细胞凋亡率等方法观察不同浓度的米诺环素对上述损伤细胞的保护作用，并用免疫细胞化学法观察iNOS和caspase 3表达的改变。 结果 加压培养后RNs与对照组相比形态改变较明显，细胞活力降低，5393%的细胞发生凋亡。20000 μmol/L的米诺环素治疗组则细胞形态改善，活力显著增高，1729%的细胞发生凋亡；免疫细胞化学法显示细胞内iNOS和caspase-3表达较加压损伤组减少。 结论 一定剂量的米诺环素在体外可有效抑制压力引起的大鼠RNs损伤及凋亡；抑制iNOS和caspase-3的表达可能是其潜在作用机制。     

沟通艺术在护理管理中的运用

现代管理理念已由单纯管理型向服务型转变。为了能更好地服务于临床护理人员，实现护理的科学管理，管理者必须学会运用有效的沟通技巧与护理人员进行信息及情感交流。[第一段]     

Improved glucose tolerance in acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1-null mice is dependent on diet

Background  

Mice that lack acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat1 ^-/- mice) are reported to have a reduced body fat content and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Studies so far have focussed on male null mice fed a high fat diet and there are few data on heterozygotes. We compared male and female Dgat1 ^-/-, Dgat1 ^+/- and Dgat1 ^+/+ C57Bl/6 mice fed on either standard chow or a high fat diet.     

Excitation of locus coeruleus neurons by an adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-activated inward current: extracellular and intracellular studies in rat brain slices

The firing rate of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in rat brain slices was increased reversibly by agents that either elevate intracellular levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or mimic its actions (e.g., forskolin, and activator of adenylate cyclase, 8-Br-cAMP, a membrane permeable analog of cAMP, and Ro20-1724, a preferential inhibitor of cAMP-phosphodiesterase). Intracellular recordings showed that 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin induce a depolarization of LC neurons, accompanied by a decrease in input resistance. The 8-Br-cAMP- and forskolin-elicited depolarization persisted in the presence of cobalt, a calcium channel blocker. Steady-state current-voltage curves revealed that in the voltage range of -50 to -120 mV, 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin induced an inward current, which did not reverse at the potassium equilibrium potential and could not be blocked by tetrodotoxin. Partial replacement of sodium with Tris or choline markedly reduced the depolarization elicited by 8-Br-cAMP. We conclude that 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin act through a common mechanism to increase the firing rate of locus coeruleus neurons by inducing a cAMP-activated inward current, carried out at least in part by sodium ions.     

Chronic multifocal non-bacterial osteomyelitis in hypophosphatasia mimicking malignancy

Background  

Hypophosphatasia (HP) is characterized by a genetic defect in the tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) gene and predominantly an autosomal recessive trait. HP patients suffer from reduced bone mineralization. Biochemically, elevated concentrations of substrates of TNSALP, including pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate occur in serum, tissues and urine. The latter has been associated with chronic inflammation and hyperprostaglandinism.