跳跃式教学法在《外科护理学》教学中的应用研究

21世纪是创新的世纪,科技在创新,文化在创新,经济在创新,教育在创新.创新教育要使教育模式从封闭走向开放,教法与学法多样化[1].<外科护理学>作为一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程,为探索外科护理学教学新途径,我们对2006级中专护理专业学生进行跳跃式教学法的教学改革.现报告如下.     

紫外线消毒病室空气对肾病综合征患者呼吸道感染预防的探讨

本文总结了采用紫外线消毒病室空气对肾病综合征患者呼吸道感染预防的探讨。通过对比观察，每周紫外线消毒病空气３次较不消毒病室细菌密度明显较低，因此，病房的空气消毒是不容忽视的。     

高强度聚焦超声联合微泡损伤山羊肝的增效性研究

目的 探讨超声造影剂SonoVue用于增强高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)损伤山羊肝组织的可行性.方法 南江黄羊15只,采用自身对照,分为HIFU治疗组(对照组)和HIFU联合造影剂治疗组(实验组).治疗深度30 mm,分别在声功率为150 W、250 W、350 W条件下对肝定点辐照15 S.辐照后24 h处死动物,解剖观察凝固性坏死情况,并作病理切片分析.结果 在相同声辐照参数下,实验组凝固性坏死发生率及凝固性坏死区域长、宽、厚、体积均明显大于对照组(P＜0.05),随功率增加实验组凝固性坏死体积增加幅度较对照组更明显,实验组能效因子(EEF)明显小于对照组.凝固性坏死区与正常肝组织分界清楚,且病理切片显示损伤为不可逆性,分界处可见大量空泡.结论 HIFU联合微泡造影剂能在山羊肝中形成完全的凝固性坏死,同时提高凝固性坏死的损伤率,增大凝固性坏死体积,提高HIFU治疗效率.     

Serine proteases are involved in the pathogenesis of trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced gut and lung injury

The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that Intraluminal serine proteases are involved in trauma-hemorrhagic shock (T/HS)-induced intestinal and lung injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated the serine protease inhibitor (6-amidino-2-naphthyl p-guanidinobenzoate dimethanesulfate, Nafamostat) either intraluminally into the gut or intravenously after a laparotomy (trauma) and then subjected to 90 min of hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) or sham shock (T/SS). Intestinal and lung injury was assessed at 3 h after resuscitation with Ringer's lactate solution. In a second set of experiments, mesenteric lymph was collected from the groups of rats subjected to T/HS or T/SS and its ability to activate normal neutrophils was tested. Lung permeability, pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels, and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein to plasma protein ratio were increased after T/HS but were significantly decreased in the T/HS rats receiving intraluminal (P < 0.05), but not intravenous, nafamostat. Likewise, T/HS-induced intestinal villus injury was less in the nafamostat-treated shock rats (P < 0.05). Last, the ability of T/HS mesenteric lymph to increase PMN CD11b expression or prime neutrophils for an augmented respiratory burst was significantly reduced by the intraluminal administration of nafamostat. Because intraluminal nafamostat reduced T/HS-induced gut and lung injury as well as the neutrophil activating ability of intestinal T/HS lymph, the presence of serine proteases in the ischemic gut may play an important role in T/HS-induced gut and hence lung injury.     

FRZB up-regulation is correlated with hepatic metastasis and poor prognosis in colon carcinoma patients with hepatic metastasis

Frizzled-related protein (FRZB) was up-regulated in hepatic metastasis samples compared with primary colon cancer samples in our previous work. However, the clinical relevance of FRZB in colon cancer hepatic metastasis remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of FRZB in patients with colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis after hepatic resection. FRZB expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) primary colon carcinoma and paired hepatic metastasis tissues from 136 patients with liver metastasis from colon carcinoma that underwent hepatic resection. The relation between FRZB expression and clinicopathologic factors and long-term prognosis in these 136 patients was retrospectively examined. The prognostic significance of negative or positive FRZB exspression in colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests. Positive expression of FRZB was correlated with liver metastasis of colon cancer. Univariate analysis indicated significantly worse overall survival (OS) for patients with a positive FRZB expression in colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis than for patients with a negative FRZB expression. Multivariate analysis showed positive-FRZB in colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis to be an independent prognostic factor for OS after hepatic resection (P = 0.001). Positive expression of FRZB was statistically significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis. FRZB could be a novel predictor for poor prognosis of patients with colon carcinoma hepatic metastasis after hepatic resection.     

Effect of metformin on Schwann cells under hypoxia condition

Metformin, which is the first-line drug for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2, has been proved to possess beneficial effects on nerve regeneration in many studies. However, the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of metformin on SCs under hypoxia condition, which is a biological process at the injury site. The cell number and cell viability of SCs were examined using fluorescence observation and MTT assay. The migration of SCs was evaluated using a Transwell chamber. The expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in SCs were assayed by RT-PCR and ELISA method. The results showed that metformin could help SCs recover from hypoxia injury and inhibit hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In addition, metformin could partially reverse the detrimental effect of hypoxia on cell number, viability, migration and adhesion. Metformin is also capable of maintaining the biological activities of SCs after hypoxia injury, such as increasing the expression and secretion of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and N-CAM. Further studies showed that pre-incubation with AMPK (5’-AMP-activated protein kinase) inhibitor Compound C might partially inhibit the effect of metformin mentioned above, indicating the possible involvement of AMPK pathway in the beneficial effects of metformin on peripheral nervous system. In conclusion, metformin is capable of alleviating hypoxia-induced injury to SCs and AMPK pathway might be involved in this process.