湖北钉螺在非适宜地东平湖生存繁殖的纵向观察

目的在南水北调条件下,观察人工北移至非适宜地区山东省东平湖区湖北钉螺生存繁殖的能力。方法近年,在东平湖区的湖心岛以螺笼放养钉螺,定量观察其生存繁殖情况。结果亲代钉螺可以在东平湖越冬生存,存活率为60.51%(118/195);经过2个冬季24个月放养,繁殖产生了子2代钉螺228只,其螺口数量较亲代钉螺数量增长了14.00%;经过3个冬季36个月放养,钉螺繁殖产生了子3代钉螺86只,其数量较亲代钉螺减少了57.00%,与子2代钉螺数量比较减少了62.28%;经过4个冬季48个月放养,钉螺存活率为0。结论南水北调东线南端长江取水口地区的湖北钉螺在血吸虫病非流行区山东省东平湖区可以繁殖到子3代,生存繁殖的时间不超过4个冬季、48个月,呈现逐年消亡趋势。报道了在中国大陆北纬35 055/地区,人工北移到此地的钉螺在湖滩铁丝笼内放养状态下生存繁殖的纵向观察结果。     

帕金森病脑深部刺激术后FDG—PET／CT变化及临床意义

目的研究帕金森病（PD）脑深部刺激术（DBS）后全脑葡萄糖代谢（FDG）正电子发射断层扫描（PET）／计算机断层扫描（CT）功能影像学变化，探讨其评估手术疗效的临床价值。方法2011年2月至2011年7月，18例接受丘脑底核（STN）DBS治疗的PD患者分别在术前1w和术后6个月进行脑部18-F—FDG—PET／CT。结果术前大部分PD患者FDG影像学表现符合PD相关模式（PDRP）。术后异常代谢区域代谢趋向正常改变：纹状体区、中脑、感觉运动区和运动前区皮层的异常高代谢有明显下降；双侧前额叶、扣带回和辅助运动区皮层的异常低代谢有轻度升高。结论FDG影像对PD的诊断、鉴别诊断、病情评估和手术疗效有指导意义，但目前尚不能指导临床手术。     

清解防感颗粒体内外抑菌作用实验研究

目的 :研究清解防感颗粒的体内外抑菌作用。方法 :采用标准试管二倍稀释法测定清解防感颗粒的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和平板转种法测定最低杀菌浓度(MBC),并观察其在小鼠体内外对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌作用。结果 :体外抑菌试验显示:清解防感颗粒对上呼吸道常见细菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的作用较强,对铜绿假单孢菌和白色念珠菌也有一定的抑制作用。体内抑菌作用显示:清解防感颗粒8、4 g/kg剂量组有抑菌作用,可明显降低金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠的死亡率并延长生存期。结论 :清解防感颗粒具有一定的体内外抑菌作用。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨“半枝莲-山慈菇”抗乳腺癌的作用机制

目的通过网络药理学和分子对接方法探讨"半枝莲–山慈菇"抗乳腺癌的作用机制。方法通过中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)筛选半枝莲、山慈菇的有效化学成分及相应靶蛋白。通过DrugBank、Uniprot数据库筛选乳腺癌潜在靶点,运用Cytoscape 3.8.0软件构建"化合物–靶点–疾病"网络图。使用STRING数据库绘制蛋白互作(PPI)网络,利用DAVID数据库对有效作用靶点进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集分析。结果共筛选出半枝莲中有效化学成分29个,山慈菇中有效化学成分3个;对应潜在作用靶点517个,乳腺癌靶点118个;将"半枝莲–山慈菇"与乳腺癌的靶点对比,获得8个药物–疾病共同靶点,包括雄激素受体(AR)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(CASP3)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9(CASP9)、雌激素受体α(ESR1)、雌激素受体β(ESR2)、钾电压门控通道亚家族H成员2(KCNH2)、前列腺素G/H合酶2(PTGS2)和钠依赖性血清素转运体(SLC6A4)。GO功能分析得到197个条目,涉及药物代谢等方面。KEGG通路分析得到116个条目,涉及膀胱癌、非小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、非洲锥虫病、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、子宫内膜癌等通路。结论研究揭示了"半枝莲–山慈菇"抗乳腺癌的关键靶点和涉及的生物学过程及信号通路,并结合分子对接技术,发现其作用是多靶点、多通路的,为今后的分子生物学实验奠定了基础。     

Endotoxin-induced cytokine and chemokine expression in the HIV-1 transgenic rat

Background  

Repeated exposure to a low dose of a bacterial endotoxin such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes immune cells to become refractory to a subsequent endotoxin challenge, a phenomenon known as endotoxin tolerance (ET). During ET, there is an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, leading to a dysregulated immune response. HIV-1 viral proteins are known to have an adverse effect on the immune system. However, the effects of HIV-1 viral proteins during ET have not been investigated.     

针刺联合苓桂术甘汤对维持性血液透析患者口渴的影响

目的:探究针刺联合苓桂术甘汤对维持性血液透析(Maintenance Hemodialysis, MHD)患者口渴的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年1月郑州市中医院收治的MHD口渴患者106例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组采用常规西医治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用针刺联合苓桂术甘汤治疗,均治疗4周。观察2组治疗前后血液学、唾液生化、分泌功能、神经肽、相关评分、刺激唾液量及疗效变化。结果:1)治疗后2组尿素氮、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素、尿素下降率、尿素清除指数、标准化蛋白分解率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2)治疗后2组酸碱度(pH)、唾液流率指数、Na~+/K~+、神经降压素(Neurotensin, NT)、刺激唾液量比值较治疗前均升高,Na~+、K~+、瘦素(Leptin)、血清神经肽Y(NeuropeptideY,NPY)、口渴强度评分、口腔干燥评分、口渴视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3)治疗后观察组临床痊愈率、临床有效率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:针刺联合苓桂术甘汤能改善MHD患者唾液分泌功能,提高神经肽,从而改善口渴。     

感染科住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索

住院医师规范化培训是医学生毕业后教育的重要组成部分,是培养合格的、具有综合素养的青年医师的重要手段。西安交通大学第二附属医院感染科在住院医师规范化培训的实践与探索中,逐步建立了符合专业特点的规培管理体系,包括规培管理梯队、规培实施细则、三阶段评价反馈体系、教学相长双向培训模式、三维评价体系等,旨在以岗位胜任力为导向,从理论知识、临床技能、医学人文素养、科研能力、人际沟通能力,多维度高质量的进行住院医师规范化培训工作。     

Recognition of moyamoya disease and its hemorrhagic risk using deep learning algorithms:sourced from retrospective studies

Although intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease can occur repeatedly, predicting the disease is difficult. Deep learning algorithms developed in recent years provide a new angle for identifying hidden risk factors, evaluating the weight of different factors, and quantitatively evaluating the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in moyamoya disease. To investigate whether convolutional neural network algorithms can be used to recognize moyamoya disease and predict hemorrhagic episodes, we retrospectively selected 460 adult unilateral hemispheres with moyamoya vasculopathy as positive samples for diagnosis modeling, including 418 hemispheres with moyamoya disease and 42 hemispheres with moyamoya syndromes. Another 500 hemispheres with normal vessel appearance were selected as negative samples. We used deep residual neural network(Res Net-152) algorithms to extract features from raw data obtained from digital subtraction angiography of the internal carotid artery, then trained and validated the model. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the model in identifying unilateral moyamoya vasculopathy were 97.64 ± 0.87%, 96.55 ± 3.44%, and 98.29 ± 0.98%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.990. We used a combined multi-view conventional neural network algorithm to integrate age, sex, and hemorrhagic factors with features of the digital subtraction angiography. The accuracy of the model in predicting unilateral hemorrhagic risk was 90.69 ± 1.58% and the sensitivity and specificity were 94.12 ± 2.75% and 89.86 ± 3.64%, respectively. The deep learning algorithms we proposed were valuable and might assist in the automatic diagnosis of moyamoya disease and timely recognition of the risk for re-hemorrhage. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China(approved No. 2014-278) on January 12, 2015.