全文获取类型
收费全文 | 242篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 43篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 1篇 |
儿科学 | 6篇 |
妇产科学 | 2篇 |
基础医学 | 22篇 |
口腔科学 | 41篇 |
临床医学 | 36篇 |
内科学 | 53篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 5篇 |
特种医学 | 8篇 |
外科学 | 33篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 10篇 |
眼科学 | 4篇 |
药学 | 47篇 |
肿瘤学 | 10篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 7篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 16篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 12篇 |
2007年 | 36篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 5篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
1948年 | 2篇 |
1947年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有296条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Urinary ascites is a rare diagnosis, commonly associated with bladder rupture. We present a case of intraperitoneal bladder
injury following a Cesarean section with subsequent development of urinary ascites. Initial laboratory data with elevated
serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) raised the suspicion for acute kidney injury due to the recent obstetrical
procedure. This case highlights the importance of including intraperitoneal bladder injury with urinary ascites as a key differential
in the workup of acute renal failure, particularly in the obstetric surgical setting. The rapid development of ascites with
elevated serum BUN and creatinine should prompt work up for evaluating intraperitoneal bladder injury. Early diagnosis and
treatment can yield gratifying results and avoid unnecessary workup of other causes of renal failure. 相似文献
22.
23.
Odontogenic sinusitis is a well-recognized condition and accounts for approximately 10% to 12% of cases of maxillary sinusitis. An odontogenic source should be considered in patients with symptoms of maxillary sinusitis who give a history positive for odontogenic infection or dentoalveolar surgery or who are resistant to standard sinusitis therapy. Diagnosis usually requires a thorough dental and clinical evaluation with appropriate radiographs. Common causes of odontogenic sinusitis include dental abscesses and periodontal disease perforating the Schneidarian membrane, sinus perforations during tooth extraction, or irritation and secondary infection caused by intra-antral foreign bodies. The typical odontogenic infection is now considered to be a mixed aerobic-anaerobic infection, with the latter outnumbering the aerobic species involved. Most common organisms include anaerobic streptococci, Bacteroides, Proteus, and Coliform bacilli. Typical treatment of atraumatic odontogenic sinusitis is a 3- to 4- week trial of antibiotic therapy with adequate oral and sinus flora coverage. When indicated, surgical removal of the offending odontogenic foreign body (primary or delayed) or treatment of the odontogenic pathologic conditions combined with medical therapy is usually sufficient to cause resolution of symptoms. If an oroantral communication is suspected, prompt surgical management is recommended to reduce the likelihood of causing chronic sinus disease. 相似文献
24.
The interleukin-1 family of cytokines and receptors in human breast cancer: implications for tumor progression 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Pantschenko AG Pushkar I Anderson KH Wang Y Miller LJ Kurtzman SH Barrows G Kreutzer DL 《International journal of oncology》2003,23(2):269-284
We have previously described the expression of interleukin cytokines (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in human breast cancer (HBC) tissue. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesize that the IL-1 family of cytokines, antagonists (IL-1ra) and receptors (IL-1RI and IL-1RII) are present within the human breast cancer (HBC) tumor microenvironment and that the IL-1 network of cytokines and receptors within the tumor microenvironment can control tumor cell subpopulation expression of other protumorigenic cytokines such as the angiogenic/growth factor, interleukin-8 (IL-8). To test this hypothesis we characterized the in vivo expression of the IL-1 network in HBC tissues and homogenates by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA. Additionally, we examined IL-1R expression in HBC cell lines in vitro and in a murine xenograft model by IHC. Finally, we determined the ability of IL-1 to induce IL-8 expression in in vitro using HBC cell lines. We observed that not only are the IL-1 cytokines present in HBC tissue and homogenates, but that IL-1Rs and IL-8 are also present in the HBC tumor microenvironment. Additionally, expression levels for some members of the IL-1/IL-8 network of cytokines correlated with the prognostic indicators, ER/PR. Using HBC cell lines, we observed that HBC cell lines express IL-1Rs in vitro and in the xenograft model. Furthermore, in vitro, HBC cell lines show a spectrum of responsiveness to IL-1 as measured by expression the proangiogenic/mitogenic cytokine IL-8. Our data clearly demonstrate the presence and distribution of IL-1 cytokines and receptors in HBC and suggests that the local expression of IL-1 results in the activation of a population of cells within the HBC tumor microenvironment. This activation of the IL-1/IL-1R cytokine family via autocrine and/or paracrine mechanisms leads to a cascade of secondary protumorigenic cytokines. These secondary signals induce the expression of numerous protumorigenic activities such as the expression of IL-8, and subsequently contribute to angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and tumor invasion. 相似文献
25.
Chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are a growing epidemic, both in the United States and worldwide. African–Americans
are disproportionately afflicted with kidney disease. The reasons for this disparity are multiple, but ultimately unclear.
Not only are diabetes mellitus and hypertension more prevalent in African–Americans, but also end-organ damage from these
processes appears also to be accelerated. Also, certain primary and secondary glomerular diseases are more prevalent and more
severe in African–Americans than in Caucasians. Despite controlling for these factors and socioeconomic status, the increased
prevalence of kidney disease in African–Americans is still not entirely explained. Recently, two studies identified certain
alleles within the MYH9 gene locus that are more frequently expressed in African–Americans with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
and non-diabetic renal disease. These studies emphasize the important role that genetic factors may play in explaining racial
discrepancies in kidney disease, and represent exciting areas for new research. 相似文献
26.
27.
CLAUDIA HERRERA SIKLÓDY M.D. JAN MINNERS M.D. Ph.D. MARTIN ALLGEIER M.D. HANS‐JÜRGEN ALLGEIER M.D. NIKOLAUS JANDER M.D. CORNELIUS KEYL M.D. REINHOLD WEBER M.D. JOCHEN SCHIEBELING‐RÖMER M.D. DIETRICH KALUSCHE M.D. THOMAS ARENTZ M.D. 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2010,21(2):120-125
Pressure‐Guided Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation. Background: Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using a balloon‐mounted cryoablation system is a new technology for the percutaneous treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Complete PV occlusion during balloon ablation has been shown to predict successful electrical isolation. The aim of this study was to correlate mechanical PV occlusion with changes in a pressure curve recorded at the distal tip of the cryoballoon catheter. Methods and Results: We analyzed 51 PVs in 12 patients (61 ± 6 years old) with paroxysmal AF. At first, PV occlusion via the cryoballoon was documented by changes in the pressure curve. Once the PV is occluded, the pressure curve registered in the vein converts from a left atrial pressure curve to a pulmonary artery pressure curve: the PV wedge curve. Occlusion was then confirmed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Following 2 cryoablation applications, electrical PV isolation was assessed with a circumferential mapping catheter. Under the exclusive guidance of changes in the pressure curve at the tip of the cryoballoon, mechanical occlusion confirmed by TEE was achieved in 47 of 51 PVs (92%). Three PVs required further TEE guidance to achieve occlusion. All 50 occluded veins were electrically isolated after cryoablation. One right inferior vein, which could not be occluded with the balloon, displayed conduction post cryoablation and was isolated by focal ablation. Conclusions: Occlusion and electrical isolation of PVs during cryoballoon ablation can be predicted by the appearance of a PV wedge curve at the tip of the catheter. This new straightforward parameter may facilitate the procedure. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 120‐125, February 2010) 相似文献
28.
29.
30.