Prognostic value of an automated sperm analysis in IVF or insemination therapy

Summary. During the course of sterility treatment semenograms of 271 IVF and 316 insemination patients were carried out by two automated semen analysers. The parameters of these analyses were correlated to pregnancies resulting from the treatment. Semen samples were analysed in the ejaculate and after swim-up preparation. In addition, the swim-up suspension of IVF patients was measured again 18 h after sperm preparation. Patients were divided into three groups: (1) couples who achieved a pregnancy, (2) couples who did not achieve a pregnancy, and (3) IVF patients with no fertilization of the oocytes. Because of large standard deviations in the quality of ejaculates, the results in the IVF group show no significant differences in the semen parameters of husbands of pregnant and non-pregnant women. In contrast husbands of women with no fertilization have a significantly lower sperm motility. After swim-up preparation these differences no longer occur. A further measurement, taken 18 h later, reveals that there are no differences in the sperm parameters between the pregnant and non-pregnant group. However, the semen quality in the group with no fertilization is significantly reduced. The results of the insemination patients are similar to those of the IVF group. Thus, the results from automated sperm analysers cannot replace either the microscopic or biochemical analysis of an ejaculate and, moreover, cannot be used as prognosis for the fertilization capacity of sperms or a following pregnancy.     

Paradigms for mental health nursing: fragmentation or integration?

Debate about the best paradigm for mental health nursing is compounded by threats from mainstreaming and genericism. In nursing education, integrated practice may have been devalued in a matrix of reductionist disciplines. The 'gendered' nature of professional knowledge may create a schismatic and self-defeating attitude in nurses. Conversely, nurses may be exhorted to adopt a 'male' paradigm in order to gain academic credibility, in which the caring dimension may be lost. Other polarities such as ideological distinctions between treatment in hospital and care in the community lead to conceptual confusion. These schisms in care are detrimental to both professionals and users. The writers argue that these tensions may be addressed in an 'androgenous' model which presents a challenge to both value systems, rejects the dominance of schismatic models, and offers the potential for a new professional integrity.     

大鼠心脏不同部位α1肾上腺素受体亚型的分布

用放射配体结合实验研究大鼠心脏不同部位α１肾上腺素受体（α１受体）及其亚型的分布。结果表明，大鼠心脏左、右心房及心室中α１受体的密度基本一致；不同部位的α１受体均包含α１Ａ与α１Ｂ两种亚型，左心房及心宝α１Ａ亚型占全部α１受体的３０％左右，α１Ｂ亚型占７０％左右；而在右心房中α１Ａ亚型的比例为１４％左右，显著低于左心房与心室。说明大鼠心脏不同部位的α１受体分布相同，但其亚型分布具有显著的区别。