Roots,shoots, but too little fruit: assessing the contribution of COPC in South Africa

Community-oriented primary care (COPC) originated in South Africa during the 1940s and 1950s, where it served to inform local church-based and nongovernmental organization-based initiatives during the apartheid years. During the 1990s, COPC played an inspirational role in the process of national health policy formulation. Yet COPC's contribution to current health practice remains more symbolic than substantive. Despite a policy framework that favors the widespread introduction of COPC, various political, structural, managerial, and human resource obstacles constrain its effective implementation. Notwithstanding a rapidly changing health care environment and well-established health transition from infections and nutritional disorders to non-communicable diseases and injury, COPC and its variants remain abidingly relevant to South Africa's-and Africa's-health care reality.     

颅内动脉瘤栓塞后并发脑缺血的原因分析

1 临床资料我们总结2004-02/2004-06在第四军医大学唐都医院神经外科住院行栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤患者27(男12,女15)例,年龄32～72岁.     

Unusual presentation of perirenal lung metastases

Lung cancer is not commonly known to metastasise to the perirenal space, with only five such cases previously published. We present an unusual case of perirenal lung metastases manifesting as diffuse perinephric stranding which to our knowledge has not been described before.     

Zahnmedizin und Epilepsie

Epileptische Anf?lle sind der dritth?ufigste Zwischenfall in einer Zahnarztpraxis. Der Zahnarzt sollte nach dem Bestehen einer Epilepsie fragen und im Umgang mit einem Anfall ausreichend kundig sein.     

High prevalence of HIV infection among homeless and street-involved Aboriginal youth in a Canadian setting

Aboriginal people experience a disproportionate burden of HIV infection among the adult population in Canada; however, less is known regarding the prevalence and characteristics of HIV positivity among drug-using and street-involved Aboriginal youth. We examined HIV seroprevalence and risk factors among a cohort of 529 street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada. At baseline, 15 (2.8%) were HIV positive, of whom 7 (46.7%) were Aboriginal. Aboriginal ethnicity was a significant correlate of HIV infection (odds ratio = 2.87, 95%CI: 1.02 – 8.09). Of the HIV positive participants, 2 (28.6%) Aboriginals and 6 (75.0%) non-Aboriginals reported injection drug use; furthermore, hepatitis C co-infection was significantly less common among Aboriginal participants (p = 0.041). These findings suggest that factors other than injection drug use may promote HIV transmission among street-involved Aboriginal youth, and provide further evidence that culturally appropriate and evidence-based interventions for HIV prevention among Aboriginal young people are urgently required.     

Accuracy of passive ankle joint positioning during quiet stance in young and elderly subjects

Age-related postural deficits elicit compensatory mechanisms such as ankle dorsiflexion in the elderly. To gain further insight into this problem, the ability to match an ankle angle during quiet stance was studied in 12 elderly and 12 young subjects. Following an initial single limb angular perturbation presented in the ±4° range, a subject had to return a tilt platform to level, as determined by the nonperturbed limb. Elderly subjects exhibited significant positive (0.9°) over-shoot of the level position, in contrast to young subjects who matched ankle angle with a mean error of −0.1°. The elderly group also exhibited an increase in positioning error for angular displacements in the range between −1 and +1°. The results document age-related postural changes in ankle positioning which might affect postural stability in older adults.     

Einfluß von Aerosil® und Aerosil R 972® auf das Wasseraufnahmevermögen von Puderrohstoffen

The Influence of Aerosil and Aerosil R 972 on the Absorption of Water by Powders The ability to adsorb water was studied on eight powders and also the influence of the hydrophilic Aerosil® and of the hydrophobic Aerosil R 972® on them. The assays were carried out with the Enslin apparatus. The ability of the powders to absorb water is largely dependent on the loose bulk weight. A small bulk weight promotes the absorption of water, while a large bulk weight retards it.     

Localization of lymphocytes producing macrophage migration inhibitory factor in albumin density gradients

Lymph node cells of guinea pigs immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant were fractionated by centrifugation on a discontinuous albumin gradient and the resulting cell layers tested for their ability to release macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) upon in vitro exposure to tuberculin purified protein derivative. It was found that MIF production is limited to lymphocytes of lower density, representing only one fourth of all cells, while high density, small lymphocytes are inactive in this respect. Peak MIF production was usually associated with top layer (lowest density) cells, cultured at a concentration 5–10 times lower than that required for MIF formation by unfractionated cells.