Immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children

Objective: To determine the immunity to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles in fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children in north Queensland.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey of immunity in a sample of children; 101 fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children, with a median age of 24.5 months, from 10 communities in North Queensland participated in this study. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles.
Results: Only 54% (95% Cl 44–63%) of the children had adequate immunity (10 m iu/mL) to hepatitis B, and one child had been infected despite vaccination. Although all the children (95% Cl 96–100%) had adequate immunity (i.e. neutralizing antibodies at a dilution of 1:8) to poliovirus 2, only 93% (95% Cl 86–96%) and 60% (95% Cl 50–69%) had adequate immunity to polioviruses 1 and 3, respectively. Nearly all (96%; 95% Cl 90–98%) of the children had adequate immunity (i.e. detectable IgG antibody) to measles.
Conclusions: Although a relatively low proportion of the children had adequate antibody levels against hepatitis B the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. Further studies are needed to determine whether fully vaccinated Torres Strait Island children have been adequately protected and whether they require a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. A substantial proportion of fully vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are inadequately protected against poliomyelitis, and therefore any such child with acute flaccid paralysis should be investigated fully for poliomyelitis. Vaccinated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island children are well protected against measles, as are other Australian children.     

Sudden hearing loss and cerebellopontine angle tumors

Lesions of the cerebellopontine angle may cause a sudden hearing loss. To illustrate and reaffirm the importance of a thorough neurotologic evaluation we performed a retrospective review of the audiologic and clinical data available on 506 patients with proven lesions of the cerebellopontine angle. Seventy-seven patients (15.2%) were found to have a history commensurate with sudden hearing loss. We reviewed the relevant audiologic data as well as the clinical circumstances of this select patient population.     

Acoustic reflex dynamics and auditory brain stem responses in multiple sclerosis

Onset latency, rise time, and amplitude measures of the acoustic reflex and auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to clicks were elicited from normal subjects and subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). The results indicated that MS subjects exhibited response abnormalities including prolonged rise times of the acoustic reflex and prolonged absolute latencies, interwave latencies and interaural latencies, and poor response stability of the ABR. The results of this study indicate that measurement of acoustic reflex dynamics can add to the diagnostic value of the test beyond measurement of acoustic reflex threshold and decay. The combination of complete acoustic reflex and ABR tests is a valuable contribution to the diagnosis of patients with MS who have no auditory symptoms.     

Meningioma involving Meckel's cave: transpetrosal surgical anatomy and clinical considerations

Meningiomas originating in Meckel's cave (MC) are uncommon lesions that represent 1% of all intracranial meningiomas. Innovations in skull base surgery have enabled resection of these lesions with less morbidity, but require an intimate knowledge of both lesional pathology and regional microneuroanatomy. To review the surgical and clinical considerations involved in the management of MC meningiomas, we retrospectively reviewed data from patients who underwent transpetrosal resection of primary MC meningiomas between 1984 and 1998. Of 146 patients who underwent transpetrosal removal of meningiomas, 7 were believed to have tumors originating in MC. All 7 patients presented with trigeminal dysfunction, facial pain, and/or headache. Complete tumor removal was achieved in 5 of the 7 patients. Facial hypoesthesia or anesthesia, paralysis of cranial nerve VI, and ophthalmoplegia were among the postoperative complications encountered. Meningiomas of MC represent treatable lesions whose diagnosis requires prompt imaging of patients with trigeminal dysfunction and symptoms of facial pain and headache.     

老年性骨质疏松所致骨折患者血清钙磷和TGF-β 1分析

1临床资料2003-06／2004—12收治髋部骨质疏松性骨折患20(男14，女6)例，年龄58—80(平均68．5)岁，股骨颈骨折13例，粗隆间骨折7例．对照组为老年性骨关节病或颈腰椎病患20例．均抽空腹静脉血4mL，3000r／min离心5min分离血清，4h内测定血清钙、磷，留血清-20℃保存备用，测定TGF-β1．用Au-2700全自动生化分析仪测定血清钙、磷，试剂由日本欧林巴斯公司提供．血清TGF-β1检测采用ELISA法，     

胰岛素样生长因子-I和人绒毛膜促性腺激素对成年大鼠Leydig细胞葡萄糖转运蛋白基因表达调控

目的:研究胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF I)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对成年大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞中葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)基因表达的影响,为进一步探讨Leydig细胞中睾酮的合成、分泌与葡萄糖代谢的关系提供依据。方法:采用改良的Klinefelter方法从成年大鼠睾丸中分离获得Leydig细胞;用反转录聚合酶链技术检测IGF I和hCG对原代培养的Leydig细胞中GLUT基因表达的调控作用。结果:分离得到纯度为98%的大鼠Leydig细胞,并与对照组比较,hCG可显著增加Leydig细胞中GLUT8基因mRNA的表达水平(P<0.001),且此作用具有剂量依赖性与时效性。当在试验组细胞中单独加入IGF I或IGF I和hCG作用于细胞后,发现IGF I(100ng mL)可显著增加Leydig细胞中GLUT8基因mRNA的表达(P<0.01),也可与hCG协同作用显著提高GLUT8基因的mRNA表达,该结果与IGF I(100ng mL)和hCG(10ng mL)能协同作用极显著增加睾酮合成水平(P<0.001)的结果是相吻合的。在大鼠Leydig细胞中,无论10ng mL或100ng mL还是两者同时作用于细胞,都不能影响GLUT1和GLUT3基因的mRNA水平。结论:在成年大鼠Leydig细胞中,IGF I和hCG对细胞中的GLUT8基因表达的调节作用具有特异性,其协同作用能显著提高细胞中GLUT8基因mRNA水平,增强细胞摄取葡萄糖的能力,给细胞提供更多的代谢能源,最终增加Leydig细胞睾酮的合成与分泌。