Chronic Kidney Isograft and Allograft Rejection

In this study antigen-independent factor in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of organ transplants was examined.Kidney isografts and allografts were transplanted orthotopically into bilaterally nephroectomized rat recipients and studied functionaaly,morphologically and immunohistologically,at serial intervals up to 52 weeks after transplantation.Allograft recipients developed progressive proteinuria after 12 weeks,with gradual renal failure ultimately leading to death.At the same time,morphological changes,including progressive arteriosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis ,tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis,developed.Immunohistologically,macrophages infiltrated glomeruli during this period and cytokines became unregulated.Our results showed that antigen-independent functional and morphological changes occurred in long-tern kidney isografts and mimicked those appearing much earlier in allografts that reject chronically.Initial injury and extent of functioning renal mass is suggested to be important factor for such late changes.     

Influence of cell sources, stimulating agents, and incubation conditions on release of interleukin-1 from chicken macrophages

Experiments were conducted to determine the cell source, stimulating agents, and incubation conditions that maximize interleukin-1 (IL-1) release by chicken macrophages/monocytes. Thymocyte co-mitogen proliferation was used to assay IL-1 activity of conditioned or partially purified supernatants. Monolayers of a transformed chicken macrophage cell line, HD11, released greater amounts of IL-1 than adherent cells isolated from peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, or spleen. E. coli endotoxin and heat-killed S. aureus induced greater release of IL-1 by HD11 and splenic macrophages than latex or a super induction protocol with mezerien. Blocking macrophage eicosanoid synthesis with indomethacin did not influence IL-1 release from HD11 macrophages. Removing low molecular weight compounds from conditioned supernatants by dialysis did not influence IL-1 activity. IL-1 release was increased by incubating macrophages at 42 C compared to 39 C. Thymocyte co-mitogenic activity of IL-1 was increased by incubating thymocytes at 42 C compared to 39 C. Species cross reactivity between chicken and mammalian IL-1 was also investigated. Chicken IL-1 had slight co-stimulation activity on murine thymocytes, but murine and human IL-1 were without activity on chicken thymocytes.     

The Effect of Ligustrazine on Peritoneal Transport in Peritoneal dialysis

In order to investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig)i.p.on peritoneal permeability in peritoneal dialysis and its side effects,creatinine was given intravenously and continuously to maintain the high plasma creatinine level.All the rabbits were divided into three groups:normal control group (goup A),group B treated with 0.12% Lig and group C treated with 0.24% Lig.The peritoneal dialysis of all rabbits lasted 2h.The plasma and dialysate levels of glucose,protein and creatining were observed immediate,30min,60min,90min,120min after dialysis.Creastinine dialysate/plasma ratio (D/P),protein D/P ratio,grucose D/Do at different time points after dialysis and creatinine mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) at 120min were calculated.The structures of peritoneum were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope after continuously intraperitoneal injection of Lig for 14 days.The results showed that the 90-min and 12-min creatinine D/P ratios in the group C were higher than in the group A.The 120-min creatinine MATC in the group C was higher than in the group A.The rabbits treated with Lig did not show significant structure changes of peritoneum and signs of peritoneal irritation.It was suggested that Lig could increase mass transfer ability of peritoneum without significant side effects.     

控制性降压在鼻内窥镜手术中的应用

目的 :观察控制性降压在鼻内窥镜手术中应用的意义。方法 :80例双侧鼻息肉、鼻窦炎患者 ,局麻、鼻内窥镜下行双侧鼻息肉摘除、全筛切除及开放上颌窦自然开口。其中 38例术中控制性降压 (降压组 ) ,另 42例作为对照。结果 :降压组术中出血 (6 1 39± 38 5 2 )ml,对照组出血 (140 12± 81 82 )ml,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1) ;手术时间分别为 (4 9 2 5± 7 0 6 )min和(6 2 4 0± 9 90 )min ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :控制性降压可明显减少术中出血 ,缩短手术时间。     

深圳口岸入出境人员血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原检测分析

目的 了解深圳口岸入出境人员乙型肝炎病毒感染情况.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测受检人员血清HBsAg,并分析比较各类人员的HBsAg阳性率. 结果本次受检人员HBsAg阳性率为9.61%,其中台湾籍人员的HBsAg阳性率最高(为13.80%),其次是香港籍人员(10.94%)和交通员工(10.47%)以及大陆出国人员(6.99%),外籍人员最低,仅2.80%. 结论我国乙型肝炎病毒感染率仍较高,要注意加强乙肝知识的宣传,强化乙肝有防治和监测.     

Point mutation in the parkin gene on patients with Parkinson’s disease

Summary To investigate the distribution of possible novel mutations from parkin gene in variant subset of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in China and explore whether parkin gene plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD, 70 patients were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group; 70 healthy subjects were included as controls. Genomic DNA from 70 normal controls and from those of PD patients were extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes by using standard procedures. Mutations of parkin gene (exon 1–12) in all the subjects were screened by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and further sequencing was performed in the samples with abnormal SSCP results, in order to confirm the mutation and its location. A new missense mutation Gly284Arg in a patient and 3 abnormal bands in SSCP electrophoresis from samples of another 3 patients were found. All the DNA variants were sourced from the samples of the patients with early-onset PD. It was concluded that Parkin point mutation also partially contributes to the development of early-onset Parkinson’s disease in Chinese. WANG Tao, male, born in 1961, Associate Professor This work was supported by grants from the key program of the special scientific project of Scientific & Technologic Agency of Hubei Province (Serial No. 2001AA308B01) and the Hygienic Research Project of Hygienic Agency of Hubei province (Serial No. WJ 01529).     

城市一般人群艾滋病相关知识、态度及其影响因素调查

目的 了解城市一般人群对艾滋病知识的认识、态度情况。以确定城市一般人群艾滋病知识水平及其影响因素，为今后在一般人群中采取针对性的艾滋病知识宣传策略提供依据。方法 于2002年12月1日在广州市商业区采用街头随机拦截的方式，对一般人群采用匿名自填问卷的方法调查其艾滋病相关知识和态度。结果 本次调查共发放问卷200份，收回有效问卷147份。结果显示，艾滋病知识总知晓率为63．3％；传播途径知识总知晓率为59．2％；预防知识知晓率为46．9％；对艾滋病感染／患正确态度率为49．7％。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，艾滋病知识知晓率的影响因素为年龄、性别、化程度和婚姻状况。30～39岁年龄组(OR=0．101，95％CI：0．015～0．678)和40岁及以上年龄组(OR=0．060，95％CI：0．007～0．498)艾滋病知识总知晓率低于15～20岁年龄组；女性艾滋病知识知晓率(OR=0．230，95％CI：0．099～0．532)低于男性；化程度初中(OR=14．161。95％CI：2．195～91．364)、高中(OR=23．455，95％CI：4．568～120．434)、大专以上(OR=35．378,95％CI:6．001～208．571)艾滋病知识知晓率高于小学及以下组；已婚(OR=5．761，95％CI：1．589～20．893)高于未婚。结论 目前城市一般人群的艾滋病知识水平仍然很低，因此应进一步加强对一般人群的艾滋病知识的宣传，尤其是针对化程度低、未婚及女性人群开展艾滋病知识的宣传教育。     

Immunization strategies for the production of rat monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies

Anti-idiotypic antibodies are powerful reagents for the study of immunoregulation, and have potential interest as vaccines against tumors and infectious diseases. Three immunization strategies for the production of rat monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies have been compared in this paper. Male Wistar rats were immunized i.p. and at multiple subcutaneous sites with 750 micrograms of purified monoclonal antibody against Plasmodium falciparum for three times and subsequently boosted by (1) intraperitoneal injection with 750 micrograms of the immunogen, (2) intravenous inoculation with 400 micrograms of the IgG, and (3) intrasplenic immunization with 200 micrograms of the idiotype. With the intraperitoneal boost method, the frequency of hybrids with anti-idiotope activity was 0.3-0.9% with 62.8-85.2% of the seeded wells containing hybrids. In the intravenous boost group, the percentage of hybrids demonstrating anti-idiotope activity increased to 11.0-13.3% with 80.2-97.9% of the hybrid efficiency. When immunized by the intrasplenic boost route, the frequency of anti-idiotope hybrids generated rose to 12.9-16.4% with 82.3-96.6% of the hybrid efficiency. There was no obvious effect of the boost immunizing methods on the generation of rat monoclonal anti-mouse IgG antibodies. These results indicated that the multiple-site immunization followed by intravenous or intrasplenic boost injection was an appropriate immunizing method for the production of monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies.